Lecture 3 - Research & Design Process - Commercial-Institutional Interiors VDIS10009
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The document discusses the interior design programming process, which involves researching a client's goals and needs to determine the scope of work for an interior design project. It describes how an interior designer would collect information through meetings with the client and by visiting the space. The programming process identifies what spaces are needed, how many people need to be accommodated, and other functional requirements. It is an essential early step before conceptual design work can begin.
Lecture 3 - Research & Design Process - Commercial-Institutional Interiors VDIS10009
- 1. BY RAMONA SOLOMON Lecture 3 Research & Design Process (Programming Phase)
- 2. Interior Design Programming is the research and decision-‐making process that idenCfies the scope of work to be designed.
- 3. THE DESIGN PROCESS
- 4. The interior design process follows a systemaCc and coordinated methodology, starCng with research, analysis and integraCon of knowledge into the creaCve process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are saCsfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. • Research and analysis of the client’s goals and requirements; and development of documents, drawings and diagrams that outline those needs • FormulaCon of preliminary space plans and two and three dimensional design concept studies and sketches that integrate the client’s program needs and are based on knowledge of the principles of interior design and theories of human behavior • ConfirmaCon that preliminary space plans and design concepts are safe, funcConal, aestheCcally appropriate, and meet all public health, safety and welfare requirements, including code, accessibility, environmental, and sustainability guidelines
- 5. Programming The Designer collects and analyses the informaCon! The Designer usually meets face-‐to-‐face with the Client to find out how the space will be used and to get an idea of the Client's preferences and budget. The Designer also will visit the space to take inventory of exisCng furniture and equipment and idenCfy posiCve aZributes of the space and potenCal problems. For example, the Designer might inquire about a store or restaurant's target customer to create an appropriate space. A[er collecCng required informaCon, the Designer formulates a design plan and esCmates costs.
- 6. Programming Programming means the scope of work which includes, but is not limited to: • ConducCng research • IdenCfying and analyzing the needs and goals of the client and/or occupant(s) of the space • EvaluaCng exisCng documentaCon and condiCons • Assessing project resources and limitaCons • IdenCfying life, safety and code requirements • Developing project schedules and budgets It is essenCal to do a thorough Programming before proceeding with Conceptual Design.
- 8. A Six-‐Step Process
- 9. Research the Project Type The designer should become familiar with some of the following relevant informaCon: • The types of spaces frequently included in the building • The space criteria (number of square feet per person or unit) for those spaces, • Typical relaConships of spaces for these funcCons, • Typical site requirements for the project type, • Regional issues that might alter the accuracy of the data above in the case of this project, and • Technical, mechanical, electrical, security, or other issues unique to the project type. This informaCon can be obtained from literature on the building type, analysis of plans of exisCng projects, expert consultants familiar with the building type, and/or cost esCmaCng services.
- 10. Establish Goals and Objec:ves Each of the following categories of goals should be addressed: Organiza:onal Goals: What are the goals of the owners? Where do they see their organizaCon headed? How does this interior project fit into this broad picture? Form and Image Goals: What should be the aestheCc and psychological impact of the design? How should it relate to the surroundings? Should its image be similar to or disCnct from its neighbors? Are there historic, cultural, and/or context implicaCons? Func:on Goals: What major funcCons will take place in the building? How many people are to be accommodated? How might the building design enhance or impact occupant interacCons?
- 11. Establish Goals and Objec:ves Economic Goals: What is the total project budget? What level of quality is desired (o[en stated in relaCon to other exisCng projects)? What is the aatude toward conservaCon of resources and sustainability (energy, water, etc.)? Time Goals: When is the project to be occupied? What types of changes are expected over the next 5, 10, 15, and 20 years? Management Goals: These goals are not so much an issue of the nature of the project as they are the circumstances of the owner, clients, designer, or architect. For example, perhaps the schemaCc design must be completed in Cme for council applicaCon deadline.
- 12. Gather Relevant Informa:on Based upon the goals, the categories of relevant informaCon can be determined and researched. Typical categories include: • Facility users, acCviCes, and schedules: Who is doing what, how many people are doing each acCvity, and when are they doing it? • What equipment is necessary for acCviCes to funcCon properly? What is the size of the equipment? • What aspects of the project need to be projected into the future? What is the history of growth of each aspect that requires projecCon?
- 13. Gather Relevant Informa:on • What are the space criteria (square feet per person or unit) for the funcCons to take place? • What other design criteria may affect architectural programming: access to daylight, acousCcs, accessibility, campus/area design guidelines, historic preservaCon, etc.? • Are there standards for minimum area for various funcCons? What are these standards? • What are the energy usage and requirements? • What code informaCon may affect programming decisions?
- 14. Gather Relevant Informa:on • Site analysis: the site is always a major aspect of the design problem and therefore should be included in the program. Site analysis components that o[en affect design include: • Legal descripCon • Zoning, design guidelines, and deed restricCons and requirements • Traffic (bus, automobile, and pedestrian) consideraCons • UClity availability (a potenCally high cost item) • Topography • Views • Built features • Climate (if not familiar to the designer) • VegetaCon and wildlife
- 15. Gather Relevant Informa:on • Client's exisCng facility as a resource • If the client is already parCcipaCng in the acCviCes to be housed in the new facility, it may be possible to make use of informaCon at hand. Determine if the exisCng facility is saCsfactory or obsolete as a resource. • If a floor plan exists, do a square foot take-‐off of the areas for various funcCons. Determine the building efficiency (the raCo of exisCng net-‐ to-‐gross area). This raCo is useful in establishing the building efficiency target for the new facility.
- 16. Iden:fy Strategies ProgrammaCc strategies suggest a way to accomplish the goals given what one now knows about the opportuniCes and constraints. A familiar example of a programmaCc strategy is the relaConship or "bubble" diagram. These diagrams indicate what funcCons should be near each other in order for the project to funcCon smoothly. RelaConship diagrams can also indicate the desired circulaCon connecCons between spaces, what spaces require security or audio privacy, or other aspects of special relaConships.
- 17. Iden:fy Strategies Other types of strategies recur in programs for many different types of projects. Some examples of common categories of programmaCc strategies include: • Centraliza:on and decentraliza:on: What funcCon components are grouped together and which are segregated? For example, in some offices the copying funcCon is centralized, while in others there are copiers for each department. • Flexibility: What types of changes are expected for various funcCons? Do faciliCes need to change over a period of a few hours? A few days? A summer recess? Or is an addiCon what is really needed? • Flow: What goods, services, and people move through the project? What is needed at each step of the way to accommodate that flow?
- 18. Determine Quan:ta:ve Requirements In this step, one must reconcile the available budget with the amount of improvements desired within the project Cme frame.
- 19. Summarize the Program Finally, once all of the preceding steps are executed, summary statements can be wriZen defining "in a nut shell" the results of the programming effort. All of the perCnent informaCon included above can be documented for the client. The decision-‐makers should sign-‐off on the scope of work as described in the program. Once a program is completed and approved by the client, the informaCon must be integrated into the design process. Some clients want the programmer to stay involved a[er the programming phase to insure that the requirements defined in the program are realised in the design work.