Arithmetic instructions
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This document provides an introduction to the C programming language by Yogendra Pal. It discusses basic C concepts like data types, arithmetic operators, assignment operators, unary operators, operator precedence, and provides examples of simple programs to add two numbers, calculate the average of two numbers, and convert between kilometers and meters. The document encourages the reader to solve practice problems and quizzes on the provided website and to email the author with any questions.
Arithmetic instructions
- 1. C Programming Language By: Yogendra Pal yogendra@learnbywatch.com Dedicated to My mother and Father
- 2. t y Keep your notebook with you. Write important point and questions that comes in your mind Solve Mind band exercise. C Rewind when not clear Ask Questions by call or SMS or by mail Keep Watching Keep Learning THIS IS ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS 2
- 3. What do you know? • printf() function? • scanf() function? • How to write a simple C program? • How to compile and run it? • If answers are yes then you can go ahead. 3
- 4. Problem • Write a program to add two numbers. These numbers must input by user. • For addition (+) we need arithmetic operators. 4
- 5. Arithmetic Operators • * : multiplication y z 2 4 • / : division • + : addition • - : subtraction 2+4 x • % : modulus operator 6 • Variable = constant; – x = y + z; 5
- 6. Result of each operator • 2*3=6 • 4/2=2 • 4+2=6 • 4–2=2 • 4%3=1 • 4%2=0 6
- 7. Some Constraints • Arithmetic operators act on numeric values. – (int/float/char) operator (int/float/char) – character represents numeric (ASCII) value. • Modules operator works only when – int % int (non-zero). • Division operator works only when – (int/float/char) / (non-zero value). 7
- 8. You must know • int / int = int • (int / float) = float • (float / int) = float • (float / float) = float 8
- 9. Assignment Operator = • Assign expression value to an identifier. • identifier = expression or variable = constant. • If both operand are of different data types then right side value convert into the data type of left side identifier. • Multiple assignment execute from right to left. – x = y = z = 5. 9
- 10. More Assignment Operator… • *=, /=, %=, +=, -= know as compound assignment operator. • x += 1; means x = x + 1; • a -= b; means a = a – b; • m %= (n-7); means m = m % (n-7); 10
- 11. Addition of two numbers start start #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> Define a,b,c int a,b,c void main() initialize b,c b = 4, c = 2 { int a, b, c; a=b+c a=b+c b = 4; c = 2; print a print a a = b + c; printf(“%d”,a); getch(); stop stop } 11
- 12. Unary Operators • Operate upon single operand. • - (unary minus) • + (unary plus) • -- (decrement operator) : decrement by 1 – i--; or --i; equal to i = i -1; • ++ (increment operator) : increment by 1 – i++; or ++i; equal to i = i +1; 12
- 13. Unary Operator… • sizeof : returns the size (bytes) of operand. – printf(“integer: %d”,sizeof(i)); • Type Cast is also a unary operator. • Type Cast changes the data type of operand. – (Type) operand; – float a = 3.7; – (int)a; 13
- 14. Operator precedence Operator Operation Precendence () Parentheses Evaluate First, Innermost first, Left to right. -, +, --, ++, Unary operators Right to left sizeof, (type) *, / or % Multiplication, Division or Left to right. modulus + or - Addition and subtraction Left to right. = Assignment (Multiple) Right to left. 14
- 15. Example of precedence • a=2*3/4+4/4+8–2+5/ (3+1) • a=2*3/4+4/4+8–2+5/ 4 • a=6/4+4/4+8–2+5/ 4 • a=1+4/4+8–2+5/ 4 • a=1+1+8–2+5/ 4 • a=1+1+8–2+1 • a=2+8–2+1 • a = 10 – 2 + 1 • a=8+1 • a=9 15
- 16. Mind Bend • Calculate the value. – ( 3 * 5.9 – 2 * 6 ) % ( 4 * 8 + 4 ) –2*((8/6)+(4*(9–4))%(3*2–2) – ( 3 * 9 - 3 ) % ( 5 + 3 * 3) / ( 6 - 7 ) 16
- 17. Calculate the average start start Define a,b,c Define a,b,c initialize b,c initialize b,c a=b+c/2 a=(b+c)/2 print a print a stop stop 17
- 18. Problem • Write a program to convert a value from kilometer to meter. • Formula to convert km in to meter is: – 1 km = 1000 m so, – n km = 1000 * n m • Now you can solve any formula based problem. 18
- 19. Problem… • Write a program that convert a lowercase character to uppercase character. • Write a program to calculate the area and circumference of the circle. • Two numbers (x and y) are entered through the keyboard. Write a program to interchange the value of x and y. • Write a program that print reverse of a 5 digit given number. 19
- 20. Problem… • Write a program that calculate the root of a quadratic equation. – ax2 + bx + c = 0. • Input marks of five subjects of a student and write a program to calculate and print addition and percentage of that student. 20
- 21. Mind Bend • Write a program that convert a uppercase alphabet to lowercase alphabet. • Write a program to calculate the area and perimeter of rectangle. • Write a program that print reverse of a 3 digit given number. 21
- 22. To get complete benefit of this tutorial solve all the quiz on www.learnbywatch.com For any problem in this tutorial mail me at yogendra@learnbywatch.com with the subject “C” For Other information mail at info@learnbywatch.com Keep Watching Keep Learning NEXT IS DECISION CONTROL 22