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This document discusses a study on the durability of Portland cement concrete in Nebraska with a focus on alkali-silica reaction (ASR). It describes the ASTM C1293 testing method used to evaluate ASR expansion over 14 weeks under high temperature and humidity. Test results are presented for various concrete mixes using different aggregates, cements, and mineral admixtures. The mixes generally showed very low or no expansion, indicating good resistance to ASR in Nebraska concretes.

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Durability of Portland Cement Concrete in Nebraska Christopher Y. Tuan, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor and Haosu Sun, Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil Engineering Peter Kiewit Institute University of Nebraska-Lincoln April 30, 2003
Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of aggregates or particles of such constituents in fine aggregate and hydroxyl ions. alkali content + H2O→ alkaline solution alkaline solution + reactive silica aggregate → silicate gel CaO Ca2+ Na2O + H2O = 2Na+ + 2OH- K2O 2K+ 2NaOH + SiO2 + H2O = Na2SiO3• H2O
ASTM C1293 Water to total cementitious material ratio: W/Cm=0.42~0.45 Alkalinity: Na2Oeq /Cement = 1.25% Na2Oeq % = Na2O% + 0.658 x K2O% Regular Test (1 year): Temp: 100.4 + 3.6OF Relative Humidity: ≥ 95% Accelerated Test ( 3 months): Temp: 140 + 3.6OF Relative Humidity: ≥ 95%
One (1) source of limestone for coarse aggregate Four (4) sources of fine aggregates (PE, PW, PC and RR) Four (4) sources of cement (1 Type I, 1 Type IP/F, 1 high alkali cement and 1 low alkali cement) Two (2) sources of C ash (source A and source B) One (1) source of F ash One (1) source of ground slag One (1) source of silica fume Aggregates, Cements and Pozzolans
Total cementitious materials/yd3 concrete = 564 pounds Baseline specimens with no additives 25% C ash 35% C ash 20% C ash + 3% silica fume 17% F ash 25% F ash 20% ground granulated blast furnace slag Type 1P/F cement 3 pounds/yd 3 alkali loading Mix Designs specified in the Test Program
Aggregate SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O LOI Limestone 1.80 0.54 0.33 53.38 0.37 0.03 0.05 42.37 Platte River East 80.70 10.20 0.73 0.80 0.094 1.30 4.60 0.29 Platte River Central 83.50 8.00 0.72 1.60 0.11 1.20 3.40 0.64 Platte River West 76.10 12.10 1.40 1.90 0.23 1.70 4.90 0.70 Republican River 80.90 8.90 0.98 1.90 0.11 1.10 4.60 1.09 Chemical Composition of Aggregates (by XRF Spectrometry, NDOR)
Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O SO3 Class C Fly Ash – A 38.53 17.63 5.55 24.15 4.96 1.23 0.52 1.86 Class C Fly Ash – B 30.84 16.21 6.09 27.70 4.85 1.38 0.30 2.13 Class F Fly Ash 54.24 14.20 6.55 13.67 3.55 1.66 2.05 0.74 Ground Slag 33.52 8.69 0.70 42.07 10.66 0.18 0.34 1.57 Silica Fume 93.20 0.26 0.23 0.62 0.18 0.079 0.64 0.24 Chemical Composition of Mineral Admixture
Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Sum of Oxides Na2O K2O Eq. Alkali SO3 Class C Fly Ash – A 38.53 17.63 5.55 61.71 1.23 0.52 1.57 1.86 Class C Fly Ash – B 30.84 16.21 6.09 53.14 1.38 0.30 1.58 2.13 Class F Fly Ash 54.24 14.20 6.55 74.99 1.66 2.05 3.01 0.74 ASTM C 618 – Fly Ash for Use as Mineral Admixture in Concrete Sum of oxides ≥ 50% for C fly ash; and ≥ 70% for F fly ash. SO3 ≤ 5% for both C and F fly ash. Na2Oeq ≤ 1.5%. (NDOR requires that Na2Oeq ≤ 1.9%) LOI ≤ 6%.
Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na2O K2O Eq. Alkali SO3 Ground Slag 33.52 8.69 0.70 0.18 0.34 0.40 1.57 Silica Fume 93.20 0.26 0.23 0.079 0.64 0.50 0.24 ASTM C 989 – Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete For ground slag: SO3 ≤ 4%. NDOR requires that Na2O ≥ 0.6%. ASTM C 1240 – Silica Fume for Use in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
Cement SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O LOI Type I/II 20.62 4.30 3.09 63.11 3.06 0.16 0.61 1.23 Type IP/F 27.75 8.36 3.16 52.92 1.05 0.19 0.80 1.27 Type IP/N 25.27 9.62 3.07 53.92 2.39 0.13 0.75 1.69 High alkali 20.59 4.78 3.28 63.93 1.27 0.15 0.76 0.84 Low alkali 21.13 5.19 3.42 63.13 1.42 0.18 0.41 1.04 Chemical Composition of Cements
Cement Eq. Alkali SO3 C3S C2S C3A C4AF Blaine Fineness Type I/II 0.56 2.68 57 17 6.20 10.00 380 Type IP/F 0.71 2.80 --- --- 16.80 9.62 396 Type IP/N 0.62 3.13 --- --- 20.30 9.34 552 High alkali 0.66 2.92 58.65 14.79 7.10 9.98 384 Low alkali 0.45 3.17 47.61 24.66 8.00 10.41 370 Chemical Composition of Cements Blaine fineness are given in m2/kg of cement.
Total Alkali Lime Silica Cementitious Materials Na2Oeq CaO SiO2 [alkali + lime]/silica I-BS 7.05 355.94 116.30 3.12 I-25CA 7.50 301.01 141.55 2.18 I-25CB 7.52 306.01 130.71 2.40 I-35CA 7.68 279.03 151.65 1.89 I-35CB 7.70 286.04 136.47 2.15 I-20CA-3SF 7.71 301.42 148.78 2.08 I-20CB-3SF 7.72 305.42 140.11 2.24 I-17F 8.74 308.54 148.53 2.14 I-25F 9.53 286.23 163.70 1.81 I-20BFS 6.09 332.21 130.85 2.58 IPF 7.05 298.47 156.51 1.95 HC-BS 7.05 360.57 116.13 3.16 HC-25CA 7.50 304.48 141.42 2.21 HC-25F 9.53 289.70 163.57 1.83 Total Alkali, Lime and Silica Contents of Cementitious Materials ASTM C1293 intends to have Na2Oeq = 8.85 lbs/yd3. New Mexico DOT study: with F ash, the ratio should be 1.45 ~ 1.75 to prevent ASR expansion.
ASTM C1293 Test Setup
Storage Environment for ASTM C1293
Monitoring Temperature and Humidity
Taking comparator readings
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River East -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PE-I-BS-R PE-I-BS-A PE-I-25CA-R PE-I-25CA-A PE-I-25CB-R PE-I-35CA-R PE-I-35CA-A PE-I-35CB-R
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River East -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PE-I-20CB-3SF-R PE-I-17F-R PE-I-17F-A PE-1PF-R PE-I-20CA-3SF-R PE-I-20CA-3SF-A PE-I-25F-R PE-I-25F-A PE-I-20BFS-R PE-I-20BFS-A
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River West -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PW-I-BS-R PW-I-BS-A PW-I-25CA-R PW-I-25CB-R PW-I-25CB-A PW-I-35CA-R PW-I-35CB-R PW-I-35CB-A
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River West -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PW-I-20CA-3SF-R PW-I-20CB-3SF-R PW-I-20CB-3SF-A PW-I-17F-R PW-I-17F-A PW-I-25F-R PW-I-25F-A PW-1PF-R PW-I-20BFS-R PW-I-20BFS-A
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River Central -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PC-I-BS-R PC-I-25CA-R PC-I-25CB-R PC-I-35CA-R PC-I-35CB-R PC-I-17F-R PC-I-25F-R PC-I-20BFS-R PC-1PF-R PC-20CA-3SF-R PC-20CB-3SF-R
ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Republican River -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (week) Expansion RR-I-BS-R RR-I-BS-A RR-I-35CA-R RR-25CA-R RR-25CA-A RR-25CB-R RR-35CB-R RR-I-20CA-3SF-R RR-I-20CB-3SF-R RR-I-17F-R RR-I-25F-R RR-I-20BFS-R RR-1PF-R RR-1PF-A
Slump, Air Content and Moist Content Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PE I-BS 1.25 3.9 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-25CA 2.75 3.0 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-25CB 2.25 3.8 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-35CA 2.00 1.9 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-35CB 2.25 3.6 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-20CA-3SF 1.25 2.3 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-20CB-3SF 0.75 3.7 0.48 1.54 0.51 I-17F 1.38 2.3 0.48 1.54 0.51 1PF 1.88 2.0 0.50 1.54 0.51 I-25F 4.50 3.1 0.48 0.11 0.12 I-20BFS 2.00 2.6 0.48 0.11 0.12 Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PW I-BS 0.75 1.8 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-25CA 1.00 2.1 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-25CB 1.38 1.9 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-35CA 1.00 2.2 0.45 1.44 0.34 I-35CB 1.00 2.1 0.45 1.44 0.34 I-20CA-3SF 0.50 2.3 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-20CB-3SF 0.88 3.2 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-17F 1.13 3.4 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-25F 1.25 3.4 0.47 0.39 0.24 1PF 1.38 2.8 0.47 0.39 0.24 I-20BFS 0.75 3.0 0.48 0.39 0.24
Slump, Air Content and Moist Content Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PC I-BS 1.13 2.6 0.47 1.72 1.54 I-25CA 1.75 2.1 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-25CB 2.0 1.9 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-35CA 2.0 1.9 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-35CB 2.07 2.0 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-17F 1.25 2.5 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-25F 1.25 2.5 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-20BFS 1.25 2.3 0.45 1.12 0.56 1PF 1.00 2.6 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-20CA-3SF 1.00 2.5 0.45 1.17 2.57 I-20CB-3SF 1.13 2.3 0.45 1.17 2.57 Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. RR I-BS 0.68 3.0 0.47 1.39 2.57 I-35CA 1.00 2.8 0.45 1.39 2.57 I-25CA 1.00 2.5 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-25CB 1.25 2.4 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-35CB 1.13 2.7 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-20CA-3SF 1.00 2.4 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-20CB-3SF 1.00 2.5 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-17F 1.00 2.7 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-25F 1.38 2.1 0.45 1.76 0.57 I-20BFS 0.75 2.8 0.45 1.76 0.57 1PF 1.00 2.5 0.45 1.76 0.57
Summary 1. All the C1293 specimens showed shrinkage, regardless of moisture curing or not, in the range of 0.01~0.03 %. (Prof. Mike Thomas confirms their tests showed comparable shrinkage, especially with fly ash and slag specimens) 2. Durability tests have just started. The wet/dry and freeze-thaw tests will dictate the timeline of the testing program. 3. Prof. Mike Thomas of U. of New Brunswick has received the materials for C1293 parallel testing. 4. Data acquisition and analysis are on-going. The website will be totally reconstructed shortly, and data will be posted.

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ASR.ppt

  • 1. Durability of Portland Cement Concrete in Nebraska Christopher Y. Tuan, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor and Haosu Sun, Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil Engineering Peter Kiewit Institute University of Nebraska-Lincoln April 30, 2003
  • 2. Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of aggregates or particles of such constituents in fine aggregate and hydroxyl ions. alkali content + H2O→ alkaline solution alkaline solution + reactive silica aggregate → silicate gel CaO Ca2+ Na2O + H2O = 2Na+ + 2OH- K2O 2K+ 2NaOH + SiO2 + H2O = Na2SiO3• H2O
  • 3. ASTM C1293 Water to total cementitious material ratio: W/Cm=0.42~0.45 Alkalinity: Na2Oeq /Cement = 1.25% Na2Oeq % = Na2O% + 0.658 x K2O% Regular Test (1 year): Temp: 100.4 + 3.6OF Relative Humidity: ≥ 95% Accelerated Test ( 3 months): Temp: 140 + 3.6OF Relative Humidity: ≥ 95%
  • 4. One (1) source of limestone for coarse aggregate Four (4) sources of fine aggregates (PE, PW, PC and RR) Four (4) sources of cement (1 Type I, 1 Type IP/F, 1 high alkali cement and 1 low alkali cement) Two (2) sources of C ash (source A and source B) One (1) source of F ash One (1) source of ground slag One (1) source of silica fume Aggregates, Cements and Pozzolans
  • 5. Total cementitious materials/yd3 concrete = 564 pounds Baseline specimens with no additives 25% C ash 35% C ash 20% C ash + 3% silica fume 17% F ash 25% F ash 20% ground granulated blast furnace slag Type 1P/F cement 3 pounds/yd 3 alkali loading Mix Designs specified in the Test Program
  • 6. Aggregate SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O LOI Limestone 1.80 0.54 0.33 53.38 0.37 0.03 0.05 42.37 Platte River East 80.70 10.20 0.73 0.80 0.094 1.30 4.60 0.29 Platte River Central 83.50 8.00 0.72 1.60 0.11 1.20 3.40 0.64 Platte River West 76.10 12.10 1.40 1.90 0.23 1.70 4.90 0.70 Republican River 80.90 8.90 0.98 1.90 0.11 1.10 4.60 1.09 Chemical Composition of Aggregates (by XRF Spectrometry, NDOR)
  • 7. Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O SO3 Class C Fly Ash – A 38.53 17.63 5.55 24.15 4.96 1.23 0.52 1.86 Class C Fly Ash – B 30.84 16.21 6.09 27.70 4.85 1.38 0.30 2.13 Class F Fly Ash 54.24 14.20 6.55 13.67 3.55 1.66 2.05 0.74 Ground Slag 33.52 8.69 0.70 42.07 10.66 0.18 0.34 1.57 Silica Fume 93.20 0.26 0.23 0.62 0.18 0.079 0.64 0.24 Chemical Composition of Mineral Admixture
  • 8. Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Sum of Oxides Na2O K2O Eq. Alkali SO3 Class C Fly Ash – A 38.53 17.63 5.55 61.71 1.23 0.52 1.57 1.86 Class C Fly Ash – B 30.84 16.21 6.09 53.14 1.38 0.30 1.58 2.13 Class F Fly Ash 54.24 14.20 6.55 74.99 1.66 2.05 3.01 0.74 ASTM C 618 – Fly Ash for Use as Mineral Admixture in Concrete Sum of oxides ≥ 50% for C fly ash; and ≥ 70% for F fly ash. SO3 ≤ 5% for both C and F fly ash. Na2Oeq ≤ 1.5%. (NDOR requires that Na2Oeq ≤ 1.9%) LOI ≤ 6%.
  • 9. Mineral Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na2O K2O Eq. Alkali SO3 Ground Slag 33.52 8.69 0.70 0.18 0.34 0.40 1.57 Silica Fume 93.20 0.26 0.23 0.079 0.64 0.50 0.24 ASTM C 989 – Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete For ground slag: SO3 ≤ 4%. NDOR requires that Na2O ≥ 0.6%. ASTM C 1240 – Silica Fume for Use in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
  • 10. Cement SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O LOI Type I/II 20.62 4.30 3.09 63.11 3.06 0.16 0.61 1.23 Type IP/F 27.75 8.36 3.16 52.92 1.05 0.19 0.80 1.27 Type IP/N 25.27 9.62 3.07 53.92 2.39 0.13 0.75 1.69 High alkali 20.59 4.78 3.28 63.93 1.27 0.15 0.76 0.84 Low alkali 21.13 5.19 3.42 63.13 1.42 0.18 0.41 1.04 Chemical Composition of Cements
  • 11. Cement Eq. Alkali SO3 C3S C2S C3A C4AF Blaine Fineness Type I/II 0.56 2.68 57 17 6.20 10.00 380 Type IP/F 0.71 2.80 --- --- 16.80 9.62 396 Type IP/N 0.62 3.13 --- --- 20.30 9.34 552 High alkali 0.66 2.92 58.65 14.79 7.10 9.98 384 Low alkali 0.45 3.17 47.61 24.66 8.00 10.41 370 Chemical Composition of Cements Blaine fineness are given in m2/kg of cement.
  • 12. Total Alkali Lime Silica Cementitious Materials Na2Oeq CaO SiO2 [alkali + lime]/silica I-BS 7.05 355.94 116.30 3.12 I-25CA 7.50 301.01 141.55 2.18 I-25CB 7.52 306.01 130.71 2.40 I-35CA 7.68 279.03 151.65 1.89 I-35CB 7.70 286.04 136.47 2.15 I-20CA-3SF 7.71 301.42 148.78 2.08 I-20CB-3SF 7.72 305.42 140.11 2.24 I-17F 8.74 308.54 148.53 2.14 I-25F 9.53 286.23 163.70 1.81 I-20BFS 6.09 332.21 130.85 2.58 IPF 7.05 298.47 156.51 1.95 HC-BS 7.05 360.57 116.13 3.16 HC-25CA 7.50 304.48 141.42 2.21 HC-25F 9.53 289.70 163.57 1.83 Total Alkali, Lime and Silica Contents of Cementitious Materials ASTM C1293 intends to have Na2Oeq = 8.85 lbs/yd3. New Mexico DOT study: with F ash, the ratio should be 1.45 ~ 1.75 to prevent ASR expansion.
  • 17. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River East -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PE-I-BS-R PE-I-BS-A PE-I-25CA-R PE-I-25CA-A PE-I-25CB-R PE-I-35CA-R PE-I-35CA-A PE-I-35CB-R
  • 18. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River East -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PE-I-20CB-3SF-R PE-I-17F-R PE-I-17F-A PE-1PF-R PE-I-20CA-3SF-R PE-I-20CA-3SF-A PE-I-25F-R PE-I-25F-A PE-I-20BFS-R PE-I-20BFS-A
  • 19. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River West -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PW-I-BS-R PW-I-BS-A PW-I-25CA-R PW-I-25CB-R PW-I-25CB-A PW-I-35CA-R PW-I-35CB-R PW-I-35CB-A
  • 20. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River West -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PW-I-20CA-3SF-R PW-I-20CB-3SF-R PW-I-20CB-3SF-A PW-I-17F-R PW-I-17F-A PW-I-25F-R PW-I-25F-A PW-1PF-R PW-I-20BFS-R PW-I-20BFS-A
  • 21. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Platte River Central -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (week) Expansion PC-I-BS-R PC-I-25CA-R PC-I-25CB-R PC-I-35CA-R PC-I-35CB-R PC-I-17F-R PC-I-25F-R PC-I-20BFS-R PC-1PF-R PC-20CA-3SF-R PC-20CB-3SF-R
  • 22. ASTM C 1293 Test Data-Republican River -0.03% -0.02% -0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (week) Expansion RR-I-BS-R RR-I-BS-A RR-I-35CA-R RR-25CA-R RR-25CA-A RR-25CB-R RR-35CB-R RR-I-20CA-3SF-R RR-I-20CB-3SF-R RR-I-17F-R RR-I-25F-R RR-I-20BFS-R RR-1PF-R RR-1PF-A
  • 23. Slump, Air Content and Moist Content Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PE I-BS 1.25 3.9 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-25CA 2.75 3.0 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-25CB 2.25 3.8 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-35CA 2.00 1.9 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-35CB 2.25 3.6 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-20CA-3SF 1.25 2.3 0.48 1.54 0.86 I-20CB-3SF 0.75 3.7 0.48 1.54 0.51 I-17F 1.38 2.3 0.48 1.54 0.51 1PF 1.88 2.0 0.50 1.54 0.51 I-25F 4.50 3.1 0.48 0.11 0.12 I-20BFS 2.00 2.6 0.48 0.11 0.12 Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PW I-BS 0.75 1.8 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-25CA 1.00 2.1 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-25CB 1.38 1.9 0.47 0.32 0.28 I-35CA 1.00 2.2 0.45 1.44 0.34 I-35CB 1.00 2.1 0.45 1.44 0.34 I-20CA-3SF 0.50 2.3 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-20CB-3SF 0.88 3.2 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-17F 1.13 3.4 0.47 0.39 0.33 I-25F 1.25 3.4 0.47 0.39 0.24 1PF 1.38 2.8 0.47 0.39 0.24 I-20BFS 0.75 3.0 0.48 0.39 0.24
  • 24. Slump, Air Content and Moist Content Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. PC I-BS 1.13 2.6 0.47 1.72 1.54 I-25CA 1.75 2.1 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-25CB 2.0 1.9 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-35CA 2.0 1.9 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-35CB 2.07 2.0 0.45 1.72 1.54 I-17F 1.25 2.5 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-25F 1.25 2.5 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-20BFS 1.25 2.3 0.45 1.12 0.56 1PF 1.00 2.6 0.45 1.12 0.56 I-20CA-3SF 1.00 2.5 0.45 1.17 2.57 I-20CB-3SF 1.13 2.3 0.45 1.17 2.57 Moist Content (%) Slump (in.) Air Content (%) W/C Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. RR I-BS 0.68 3.0 0.47 1.39 2.57 I-35CA 1.00 2.8 0.45 1.39 2.57 I-25CA 1.00 2.5 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-25CB 1.25 2.4 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-35CB 1.13 2.7 0.45 0.76 0.30 I-20CA-3SF 1.00 2.4 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-20CB-3SF 1.00 2.5 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-17F 1.00 2.7 0.45 0.73 0.10 I-25F 1.38 2.1 0.45 1.76 0.57 I-20BFS 0.75 2.8 0.45 1.76 0.57 1PF 1.00 2.5 0.45 1.76 0.57
  • 25. Summary 1. All the C1293 specimens showed shrinkage, regardless of moisture curing or not, in the range of 0.01~0.03 %. (Prof. Mike Thomas confirms their tests showed comparable shrinkage, especially with fly ash and slag specimens) 2. Durability tests have just started. The wet/dry and freeze-thaw tests will dictate the timeline of the testing program. 3. Prof. Mike Thomas of U. of New Brunswick has received the materials for C1293 parallel testing. 4. Data acquisition and analysis are on-going. The website will be totally reconstructed shortly, and data will be posted.