Basic concept of Computer networks
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The document provides an overview of computer networks, including their definitions, types (PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN), and applications in various fields like business and e-commerce. It discusses the goals of computer networks such as resource sharing, reliability, communication, flexibility, performance, security, and cost-saving. Additionally, it covers the importance of network software in designing, implementing, and securing networks.
Basic concept of Computer networks
- 1. Assignment-2 Course title : Computer Network Course code : CSE 317 Submitted to Pranab Bandhu Nath Senior Lecturer CSE Department City University Submitted by Shohana Akter kakon ID : 1834902539 Semester : 8th Batch : 49th
- 2. ARPANET The ARPANET (advanced research projects agency network) was an early computer network, constructed in 1969 as a robust medium to transmit sensitive military data and to connect leading research groups throughout the United States. ARPANET first ran NCP (network control protocol) and subsequently the first version of the Internet protocol or TCP/IP suite, making ARPANET a prominent part of the nascent Internet. NETWORK A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. Computer Networks A system of interconnected computers and computerized peripherals such as printers is called computer network. This interconnection among computers facilitates information sharing among them. Computers may connect to each other by either wired or wireless media. Distributed System A distributed system is any network structure that consists of autonomous computers that are connected using a distribution middleware. Distributed systems facilitate sharing different resources and capabilities, to provide users with a single and integrated coherent network. Goals of Computer Network Resource Sharing The main goal of the computer network is Resource Sharing. It is to create all the programs, data and hardware accessible to anyone on the network without considering the resource’s physical area and the client.
- 3. Reliability If there are alternate sources of supply, all files could be replicated on two or more machines. If one of them is not available, due to hardware failure, the other copies could be used. Communication Network users, located geographically apart, may converse in an interactive session through the network. In order to permit this, the network must provide almost error-free communications. Flexible access Files can be accessed from any computer in the network. The project can be begun on one computer and finished on another. Performance It is measured in terms of transit time and response time. Transit time is the time for a message to travel from one device to another. Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry and a response. Performance is dependent on the following factors: 1. The number of users 2. Type of transmission medium 3. Capability of connected network 4. Efficiency of software Security Security is the main characteristics of Computer network where you can take necessary steps for protecting your data from unauthorized access.
- 4. Saving Money The second goal of a computer network is saving money. Small computers have a much excellent value proportion than higher ones. Mainframes are approximately a method ten times quicker than the quickest single-chip microprocessors, but they cost a huge number of times more. Scalability Scalability increases the system performance by adding more processors. Application of Computer Network Business Applications computer network is almost certainly going to be necessary in business sector. It's not enough to simply have a computer in business a computer needs to be able to connect with other computers and systems. Communication Medium The group of interconnected computer through transmission media in order to communication and Share resources like hardware, data & software is known as communication media. It is a system for communication between networks. The computers in network may be connected through cable, telephone-line, beams etc. E-commerce E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce means buying and selling of goods, products, or services over the internet. These services provided online over the internet network. Home application Home application like micro oven, washing machines, air conditioner system, remote control base television & other electronics components are example application area of computer networks.
- 5. Electronic commerce Electron Commerce refers to any form of business transaction conducted online. Mobile Users Mobile computers, such as notebook computers and Mobile phones, is one of the fastest- growing segment of the entire computer industry. Although wireless networking and mobile computing are often related, they are not identical, as the below figure shows. General approaches of communication with in a network A communication network is the pattern of directions in which information flows in the organization. Channels of communication (networks by which information flows) are either formal networks or informal networks. Formal networks follow the authority chain and are limited to task-related communications. The informal network (grapevine) is free to move in any direction, skip authority levels, and is as likely to satisfy group members' social needs as it is to facilitate task accomplishments. Classification of computer Network Types of computer networks 1. PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK) 2. LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) 3. WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) 4. MAN (METROPOLITON AREA NETWORK) PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK) A personal area network (or PAN) covers a very small area. This type of network connects devices within a certain range and if you move outside of that range, the connection can be lost. For example, connecting your smartphone to a wireless speaker, headphones, or other wireless device.
- 6. LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) A local area network (or LAN) covers a larger area like an office or a bigger premises. These computers can be connected to the network using either a wired or wireless connection media. Once connected, the computers on the network can share WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) WAN or Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area, although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country. A WAN could be a connection of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via telephone lines and radio waves and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public. The technology is high speed and relatively expensive. MAN (METROPOLITON AREA NETWORK) MAN or Metropolitan area Network covers a larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN. It connects two or more computers that are apart but resides in the same or different cities. It covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP (Internet Service Provider). MAN is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity. Speeds of MAN ranges in terms of Mbps. It’s hard to design and maintain a Metropolitan Area Network. Uses & Network Software’s Network software is an extremely broad term for a range of software aimed at the design and implementation of modern networks. Various types of network software support the creation, calibration and operation of networks.
- 7. Uses of network software In using network software, the size and scope of a network plays a key role in decision making. Companies or other parties can choose specific network software tools for setup and installation. Other network software resources help administrators and security personnel to monitor a network to protect it against a range of attacks, to prevent data breaches, or to limit unauthorized access. Other tools help to make network operations work better. Another category of network software is related to network virtualization. With new virtual networks, various tools take the place of old legacy systems built on physical hardware setups. In general, network software must be applied according to security needs. This can include factors such as whether a network is attached to the global Internet as well as specific goals and objectives for use.