Astronomy project#1

The Sun
 The center of our solar system.
 Is medium-hot and yellow.
 Is made up of the two gasses; hydrogen
and helium.
Layers:
 Chromosphere
 Photosphere
 Convective zone
 Core
 Radiative zone

Mercury
 Very hot atmosphere.
 Has no moons.
 Is the first of the inner four planets.
 Is unable to trap heat.
 Closest planet to the sun.
 Rotates the sun in only 88 days.
 36 million miles from the sun.

Venus
 Has a very thick atmosphere.
 Has no moons.
 Is about the same size as Earth.
 Is the 2nd of the inner four planets.
 Is the hottest planet.
 Venus is slightly smaller than the Earth
in diameter – 6%.
 Venus is 67 million miles away from the
sun.

Earth
 Is about 4.5 billion years old.
 Astrological name, Terra.
 Has tectonic plates, which allow the
cruse to recycle itself.
 Orbits the sun once ever 365.25 days.
 Seasons are caused by the tilt.
 Its tilt is about 66°.

Mars
 Named after the Greek God of War.
 One day is a little over 24 hours.
 Dust storms can cover much of the
planet for months at a time.
 One year = 687 days.
 Has two moons; Phobos and Diemos.
 Has polar ice caps.
 Has about the same surface area of the
Earth.

Jupiter
 5th planet from the sun.
 Largest planet in the solar system.
 Orbits the sun once every 12 years.
 Consists primarily of
hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, and water.
 Held together by a massive gravity field.
 Rings consist of dust and meteoroids.
 Rings are about 140, 000 km long.

Saturn
 Has a rocky core, primarily consists of
liquid metallic hydrogen.
 A gas giant, parts of the planet rotate at
different speeds.
 One rotation at the equator, a “day” takes
10 hours and 14 minutes. At the poles it
takes 25 minutes longer.
 Has a massive magnetic field.
 Is visible in the night sky with the naked
eye.

Uranus
 Has 13 rings with 2 being very far from the
planet.
 The Voyager is the only probe to visit.
 Has a massive axis tilt of roughly 90°.
 Takes 84 years to make one rotation
around the sun.
 Known to have 27 moons.
 Located between Saturn and Neptune and
is approximately 1.8 billion miles from the
sun.

Neptune
 Cannot be viewed with the naked eye in
the sky.
 Orbits the sun once every 165 years.
 Has been visited once by the Voyager 2
probe in 1989.
 Neptune is the Roman God of the Sea.
 One day is equivalent to 16 hours on Earth.
 Is about 4 times the size of Earth.
 Has an atmosphere of
hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia.

Our Moon
 Contains soil materials similar to the crust
of the Earth.
 2,168 miles in diameter.
 238,000 miles from the Earth on average.
 Rotates clockwise.
 Orbits the Earth once ever 29.5 days.
 Moving away from the Earth 38 millimeters
a year.
 Has no atmosphere, so the surface does
not change because of winds and erosion.

Eclipses
 Types of eclipses: solar and lunar
 Solar eclipse: Occurs when the moon
passes between the Earth and Sun
therefore blocking the sun. This can only
occur during the day.
 Lunar eclipse: When Earth is between
the Moon and Sun causing blockage of
the moon. This can only occur if it is a
full moon, at night, AND the sun is in line
with the Earth and Moon.

Eclipses

Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse

Gravitational Forces
Rules for Law of Universal Gravitation:
1) The Gravitational Force increases as
the mass of the object increases.
2) The Gravitational Force decreases as
distance between the objects increase.
* Gravitational Force is changed by mass.

What Happened To Pluto?
 In 2006, the definition of a planet was
changed. 3 things decide whether it’s a
planet or not a planet:
1) It orbits the sun. (yes)
2) It is large enough that its own gravity
prevents other objects from sharing its
orbit with the sun. (no)
3) It is large enough that its gravity makes it
into a spherical shape. (yes)
* It is not a planet because it is not large
enough that its own gravity prevents other
objects from sharing its orbit with the sun.*

Tools and Technology
 Telescopes:
- Used on earth or space
- 2 types: refracting and reflecting

 Satellites:
- Used in space
- Controlled by gravity
- Example: Sputnik I
- Communication satellites, scientific satellites

Tools and Technology

Sputnik satellite Hubble Space Telescope

Space Objects
 Comets:
- Icy, glowing, and flying objects
- Measures from meters to kilometers wide

 Meteoroids:
- Smaller than asteroids and comets

 Meteors:
- Passes through the atmosphere

 Meteorites:
- Passes atmosphere and hits surface

Space Objects

Comet McNaught meteoroid

Diablo- Canyon
meteor meteorite

Fun Facts
 If you put Saturn in water it would float
 We are moving through space at the
rate of 530 km a second
 The moon is drifting away from earth
 The light hitting the earth right now is
30,000 years old
 The sun loses up to a billion kilograms a
second due to solar winds

Astronomy project#1

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Astronomy project#1 (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Astronomy project#1