Attitude ppt(mba hons.)
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Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations either favorably or unfavorably. An attitude can be positive or negative. Positive attitudes are characterized by optimism while negative attitudes express disdain. Attitudes are formed through experiences, classical conditioning, observation of others, and more. They influence behavior and consist of affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. To change attitudes, one can provide new information, influence of peers, resolve inconsistencies, and use communication strategies. A study assessed student attitudes and found them to be generally low positive or low negative. Suggestions to improve attitudes include visualizing goals, setting expectations, dealing with problems effectively, and maintaining an optimistic outlook
Attitude ppt(mba hons.)
- 1. LOGOAttitude
- 2. Meaning Of Attitude Attitudes are evaluative statements indicating one’s feeling either favourably or unfavourably towards persons,objects,events or situations Attitude is very complex cognitive process just like personality of an individual. POSITIVE ATTITUDE :- Positive mental attitude is a psychological term which describes a mental phenomenon in which the central idea is that one can increase achievement through optimistic thought processes. NEGATIVE ATTITUDE :-A negative attitude is characterized by a great disdain for everything. Someone who constantly points out the negative in everything.
- 3. AttitudeAttitude AttitudeAttitude is defined as “ais defined as “a learned predisposition to respondlearned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable orin a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respectunfavorable manner with respect to a given object.” That is,to a given object.” That is, attitudes affect behavior at aattitudes affect behavior at a different level than do values…different level than do values…
- 4. Features of Attitude Attitude can be characterized in Different ways: Changes with time & situation Related to feelings & beliefs of people Effects one’s behaviour positively or negatively Affect perception Learned through experiences May be unconsciously held
- 5. Nature of Attitude ASPECTS OF VALENCE-the degree of favourableness or unfavourableness toward the event ASPECTS OF MULTIPLEXITY-number of element constituting the attitude RELATION TO NEED ASPECT-vary in relation to needs they serve CENTRALITY ASPECT-importance of attitude object to someone
- 6. Attitude ComponentsAttitude Components Affective Conative Cognitive
- 7. Attitude ComponentsAttitude Components Affective ComponentAffective Component The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. Cognitive componentCognitive component The opinion or belief segment of an attitude.The opinion or belief segment of an attitude. Behavioral ComponentBehavioral Component An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone orAn intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.something.
- 8. ABC Model of Attitude ABC,the three letters stands for affect, behaviour & cognition. Emphasizes the inter relationship among knowing, feeling & doing. Relative importance of component depends upon level of motivation.
- 9. Functions Of Attitude Attitude Ego Defensive Adjustment Knowledge Value expression
- 10. Functions Of Attitude The Adjustment Function : Attitudes often help people to adjust to their work environment. Ego-Defensive Function : Attitudes help people to retain their dignity and self- image. The Value-Expressive Function : Attitudes provide individuals with a basis for expressing their values. The Knowledge Function : Attitudes provide standards and frames of reference that allow people to understand and perceive the world around him.
- 11. Formation Of Attitude Mass Communication Classical Conditioning Vicarious Learning Neighbourhood Experience with Object Family and Peer Groups Attitude Operant Conditioning Economic Status
- 12. Formation Of Attitude Experience with Object : Attitude can develop from a personally rewarding or punishing experience with a object. Classical Conditioning :It involves involuntary responses and is acquired through the pairing of two stimuli. Operant Conditioning : It is based on the “Law of Effect” and involves voluntary responses ,Behaviors. Vicarious Learning : Formation of attitude by observing behaviour of others and consequences of that behaviour.
- 13. Continued…. Family and Peer Groups : A person may learn attitudes through imitation of parents. Neighbourhood : Involves being told what attitudes to have by parents, schools, community organizations, religious doctrine, friends, etc. Economic Status : Our Economical and occupational positions also contribute to attitude formation. Mass Communication : Television,Radio,Newspaper and magazine feed their audiences large quantities of information.
- 14. Theories of Attitude Formation Coginitive Consistency Theories 1. Balance Theory 2. Congruity Theory Social Judgement Theories
- 15. Continued……. Concerned with the inconsistencies that arise between related beliefs.knowledge,evalution about object. Consists of two theories- 1. Balance theory 2. Congruity theory
- 16. BALANCE THEORY- BY HEIDER The theory is concerned with consistency in the judgement of people & issues that are linked by some form of relationship People seek balance in their cognitive structure & attitude change comes when system is not balanced BALANCED STATE- in which everything fits together harmoniously
- 17. CONGRUITY THEORY Congruity is a stable state & incongruity is unstable one. Focus on changes in the evaluation of source & concept linked by associative or dissociative assertion Change in attitude to resolve incongruity
- 18. SOCIAL JUDGEMENT THEORY Person initial attitude is point of reference on which he evaluates other opinions Attitude of acceptance- favourable opinions encompasses objectionable opinions Attitude of rejection- objectionable opinion encompasses acceptable opinion
- 19. Methods To Bring Attitude Change Providing Information Use of Fear Resolving Discrepancies Influence of Friends and Peers Communication Society
- 20. Barriers To Attitude Change PRIOR COMMITMENTS STRONG COMMITMENT PUBLICLY EXPRESSED ATTITUDES LOW CREDIBILITY INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION DEGREE OF FEAR
- 21. Ways To Overcome The Barriers PROVIDING NEW INFORMATION USE OF FEAR RESOLVING DISCREPANCIES INFLUENCE OF FRIENDS AND PEERS THE CO-OPTING APPROACH
- 22. Research Methodology Research is an organized and systematic study of materials and sources in order to discover new things and establish facts. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH- to study attitude of students whether positive or negative and ways to improve negative attitude.so our objective is to know about attitude. RESEARCH TYPE-Descriptive research SAMPLING- We take samples from different gender and different geographical area for survey to be conducted and for this purpose we surveyed the students of university school of management.the result of sampling has attained sufficiently high standard accuracy.
- 23. Continued….. SAMPLING SIZE- we took sample size 70 and 4 variables on the basis of which we will analyse our data. These variables are:- Rural and urban Male and female TOTAL RURAL URBAN 70 32 38 TOTAL MALE FEMALE 70 37 33 SOURCES OF DATA-The survey is done through primary data collection method.that is first hand data is used.
- 24. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES : TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES : 1.DATA COLLECTION ISTRUEMENT- We use questionnaire on attitude for collection of data.it is an important research instrument for data collection.our questionnaire is designed with aobjective to know the attitude whether positive or negative.we are using a questionnaire which includes 16 questions on attitude from which we use different scale for question 1-9 and different scale for question 10-16. we use yes no scale for question 1-9 and liket scale in question 10-16. Ques. (1 to 9) a) YES b) NO Ques. (10 to 16) a)STRONGLY AGREE b)AGREE c)UNDECIDED d)DISAGREE e)STRONGLY DISAGREE
- 25. Limitations During Project In this project some problems are also occurred these are as follows: Variations in collected data. Regional differences. Interpreting ideas, clearing up confusions, identifying alternatives, and raising related issues. Lack of knowledge among rural people.
- 26. Analysis Of Project Ques.1 to 9) Analysis on the basis of Yes/No. We Use Percentage Method in these questions. Five questions are positive and four questions are negative .
- 27. Continued…. Ques.1) Do you trust humankind ? Attitude is Positive.
- 28. Continued…. Ques .2) Does it always happen something bad when you are close to success ? Attitude is Positive and Negative.
- 29. Continued…. Ques.3) Do you think that you should not get too involved in things Because they are going to end, sooner or later ? Attitude is Positive and Negative.
- 30. Continued…. Ques.4) Are there more troubles or satisfactions in life? Attitude is Positive and Negative.
- 31. Continued…. Ques.5) In order to avoid disappointments do you force yourself to have low expectations ? Attitude is Positive and Negative.
- 32. Continued…. Ques.6) You see your plans realized in future ? Attitude is Positive.
- 33. Continued…. Ques.7) Is it possible that something positive happens by chance? Attitude is Positive.
- 34. Continued…. Ques.8) Do you see any positive approach in troubles? Attitude is Positive.
- 35. Continued…. Ques.9) When things are going well you expect them to last forever ? Attitude is Positive.
- 36. Continued…. Overall 5 Positive Questions : Positive Attitude
- 37. Continued…… Overall 4 Negative Questions : Both Negative and Positive Attitude
- 38. Continued… For analysing data collected through questinnaire wedivide the whole questionnaire into positive and negative questions in case of liket scale questions. then we give rank to options as given below which is opposite in both positive and negative questions.here we use average for finding results.
- 39. Continued…. Ques.10 to 16) Analysis on the basis of Likert scaling : (Range for Positive questions : Under LIKERT SCALE Category :) We have taken five categories under this scaling : Categories Rating Strongly Agree 5 Agree 4 Undecided 3 Disagree 2 Strongly Disagree 1 Range is : 1-2 High Negative 2-3 Low Negative 3-4 Low Positive 4-5 High Positive
- 40. Continued…. Attitude is mainly Low Positive from the Data of 70 Questionnaires.
- 41. Continued…. (Range for Negative Questions : Under LIKERT SCALE Category :) We have taken five categories under this scaling : Categories Rating Strongly Agree 1 Agree 2 Undecided 3 Disagree 4 Strongly Disagree 5 Range is : 6-12 High Positive 12-18 Low Positive 18-24 Low Negative 24-30 High Negative
- 42. Continued…. Attitude is Both Low Positive and Low Negative from tha data of 70 Questionnaires.
- 43. Suggestions and Recommendations Suggestions for improving attitude on the basis of survey and responses of students to questions- 1. Clarify your purpose and visulize your purpose realized in future. 2. Expect more from yourself and set goals for yourself 3. Do not wait for happiness,better try to work towards happiness 4. Deal with problems effectively, do not run away from them 5. Develop a routine to start every day in a positive mental state 6. See positive approach in troubles 7. Be optimistic, this is an golden rule to maintain positive attitude 8. Do self talk
- 44. Conclusion
- 45. Bibliography 1. www.sitehr.com 2. Sahini K.N “Organisational Behaviour” Kalyani publishers,2007 Chapter –Attitude,Page No. 383- 408 3. www.enotes.com 4. www.scribd.com 5. www.slideshare.com 6. www.answers.com