Attributing Authorship to Computer-Generated Texts
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The document discusses the challenges of attributing authorship to texts generated by computers, highlighting various examples and opinions on the subject. It emphasizes the lack of systematic analysis on the reception of computer-generated texts and questions their place within traditional conceptions of authorship. The report mentions a survey conducted in December 2017 involving 467 respondents to gather perspectives on this issue.
![Human or Computer?
Florence went to the library. Florence found the note. Florence
knew the killer. Florence asked everyone to go to the parlor.
Florence said that the murderer was in the room. Everyone was
surprised. Everyone talked. Florence said that Dr. Hume was
killed by the pistol. Florence said that James killed Dr.
Bartholomew Hume. Everyone was shocked.
@leahhenrickson
The Automatic Novel Writer
[Klein et al.]
(1973)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-3-320.jpg)
![Human or Computer?
From water and from time
A visage bounds and tumbles
I seek sleep and need repose
But miss the quiet movement
Of my dreams.
@leahhenrickson
Racter
[Chamberlain & Etter]
(1984)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-5-320.jpg)
![Racter [William Chamberlain and Tom Etter], The Policeman’s Beard is Half Constructed (1984)
@leahhenrickson](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-6-320.jpg)
![Human or Computer?
In the bottom of the first, Delmarva took the lead on a solo
home run by Mercedes. The Shorebirds then added four runs in
the third and a run in the fourth.
[…]
The Grasshoppers were blanked for the sixth time this season,
while the Shorebirds' staff recorded their seventh shutout
of the year.
@leahhenrickson](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-7-320.jpg)
![Human or Computer?
In the bottom of the first, Delmarva took the lead on a solo
home run by Mercedes. The Shorebirds then added four runs in
the third and a run in the fourth.
[…]
The Grasshoppers were blanked for the sixth time this season,
while the Shorebirds' staff recorded their seventh shutout
of the year.
@leahhenrickson
Associated Press/ESPN.com
[Automated Insights]
(2016)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-8-320.jpg)
![‘… [w]e continue to refer to computer
poetry and literature as lacking an
author’.
@leahhenrickson
Martin Paul Eve, 'The Great Automatic Grammatizator: writing, labour, computers’, Critical Quarterly, 59.3, 39-54 (p. 50)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thinkingbig18012018v2lrh-180121194438/85/Attributing-Authorship-to-Computer-Generated-Texts-15-320.jpg)
Attributing Authorship to Computer-Generated Texts
- 1. Attributing Authorship to Computer-Generated Texts Leah Henrickson Loughborough University School of the Arts, English and Drama @leahhenrickson
- 2. Human or Computer? Florence went to the library. Florence found the note. Florence knew the killer. Florence asked everyone to go to the parlor. Florence said that the murderer was in the room. Everyone was surprised. Everyone talked. Florence said that Dr. Hume was killed by the pistol. Florence said that James killed Dr. Bartholomew Hume. Everyone was shocked. @leahhenrickson
- 3. Human or Computer? Florence went to the library. Florence found the note. Florence knew the killer. Florence asked everyone to go to the parlor. Florence said that the murderer was in the room. Everyone was surprised. Everyone talked. Florence said that Dr. Hume was killed by the pistol. Florence said that James killed Dr. Bartholomew Hume. Everyone was shocked. @leahhenrickson The Automatic Novel Writer [Klein et al.] (1973)
- 4. Human or Computer? From water and from time A visage bounds and tumbles I seek sleep and need repose But miss the quiet movement Of my dreams. @leahhenrickson
- 5. Human or Computer? From water and from time A visage bounds and tumbles I seek sleep and need repose But miss the quiet movement Of my dreams. @leahhenrickson Racter [Chamberlain & Etter] (1984)
- 6. Racter [William Chamberlain and Tom Etter], The Policeman’s Beard is Half Constructed (1984) @leahhenrickson
- 7. Human or Computer? In the bottom of the first, Delmarva took the lead on a solo home run by Mercedes. The Shorebirds then added four runs in the third and a run in the fourth. […] The Grasshoppers were blanked for the sixth time this season, while the Shorebirds' staff recorded their seventh shutout of the year. @leahhenrickson
- 8. Human or Computer? In the bottom of the first, Delmarva took the lead on a solo home run by Mercedes. The Shorebirds then added four runs in the third and a run in the fourth. […] The Grasshoppers were blanked for the sixth time this season, while the Shorebirds' staff recorded their seventh shutout of the year. @leahhenrickson Associated Press/ESPN.com [Automated Insights] (2016)
- 9. @leahhenrickson Natural language generation (NLG) is the process wherein computers produce textual output in readable human languages.
- 10. @leahhenrickson There has not yet been any systematic analysis of computer-generated text reception. We do not know where these texts fit within our current conceptions of authorship.
- 11. @leahhenrickson 23 December 2017 (467 respondents; 1,401 answers)
- 12. @leahhenrickson 23 December 2017 (467 respondents; 1,401 answers) Authorship is an identity…
- 13. @leahhenrickson 23 December 2017 (467 respondents; 1,401 answers) with particular connotations…
- 14. @leahhenrickson 23 December 2017 (467 respondents; 1,401 answers) and outputs.
- 15. ‘… [w]e continue to refer to computer poetry and literature as lacking an author’. @leahhenrickson Martin Paul Eve, 'The Great Automatic Grammatizator: writing, labour, computers’, Critical Quarterly, 59.3, 39-54 (p. 50)
- 16. @leahhenrickson 23 December 2017 (467 respondents)
- 17. What do you think? https://lboro.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/authorship Leah Henrickson l.r.henrickson@lboro.ac.uk @leahhenrickson 18 January 2018