Automated train

Automated train means the train that performs its duty
automatically and have the thinking and acting power like
human.
Introduction :
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What is Agent?
An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its
environment through sensors and acting upon that environment
through actuators
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Example
 Human agent:
 Eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors.
 Legs, mouth, and other body parts for actuators.
 Robotic agent:
 Cameras and infrared range finders for sensors.
 Various motors for actuators.
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Agents and environments
 The agent function maps from percept histories to actions:
[f: P*  A]
 The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce
f
agent = architecture + program
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Intelligent Agent
 The fundamental faculties of intelligence are
 Acting
 Sensing
 Understanding, reasoning, learning
 An Intelligent Agent must sense, must act, must be autonomous (to
some extent).
 It also
 must be rational.
 AI is about building rational agents.
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What is Rational Agent
 An agent should strive to "do the right thing", based
on what it can perceive and the actions it can
perform.
 What is the right thing?
– Causes the agent to be most successful
– Rationality is not the same as Perfection
– Rationality maximizes “Expected Performance”
– Perfection maximizes “Actual Performance”
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Task Environments
Performance
Measures
Environment
Actuators
Sensors
used by the agent to perform actions
surroundings beyond the control of the agent
used to evaluate how well an agent
solves the task at hand
provide information about the current state of
the environment
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PEAS description of the environment for
an automated train
 Performance
Safety, destination, profits, legality, comfort
 Environment
Railway road.
 Actuators
Steering, accelerator, brake, horn, speaker/display
 Sensors
Video, sonar, speedometer, engine sensors, keyboard, GPS
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CAMERA MONITORS THE TRACK
IF CHANGE
OCCURS
ALERTS THE
DETECTION TO
CONTROL ROOM
DECISION WAS TAKEN
STOP
NO ACTION
(IDLE STATE)
NO
YES
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Real-time Train Monitoring :
 Placing for every 300m – 500m in unmanned level crossing and accident
prone zones.
 It gives the real time parameters of train :
 Speed of the train
 Direction of the train
 Location of the train
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O
B
S
T
A
C
L
E
ADC Microcontroller
Driver circuit and
Actuator
T
R
A
N
C
E
I
V
E
R
Application of
Brakes
Intimate the
Loco-driver
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Present Railway Signalling Architecture:
Figure: General Signalling Boards
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Present Railway Signalling Architecture:
Figure: Color Light Signals
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Automated Architecture:
Figure: Train Running Signalling using WSN
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Advantages :
 Automatic railway gate control systems reduce the time for which gate
remains closed.
 This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing
where the chances of accidents is higher and reliable operation is
required.
 Automatic operation prevents errors due to manual operation.
 Lastly, no human resource is required. This makes its running cost very
low compared to manned gates.
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Disadvantages :
 To establish the entire network is quite costly task.
 Energy requirements are high.
 Involves complex network of connections and require skilled workforce
to build it in a good manner
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Conclusion :
 This could be a revolution in railway technology.
 Trains can run efficiently and accurately as any error can be easily
detected.
 Trains can run in low visibility as sensors would take care of this.
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 Mechanical gate arrangement
 Atmel 89C51 an 8051 family microcontroller
 SN7404 for microcontroller interfacing.
 IR sensors for sensing train
 Stepper motor to operate gates
 ULN 2803 for driving Stepper motor
Specification:
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Automated train

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