Automatic sorting machine (cpu)
- 1. By Vishnu sharma(k-11157) Shubham kumar(k-10744) Purshottam suman(k-11238) B–tech electrical 6th sem.
- 2. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS WORKING APPLICATION CONCLUSION
- 3. Automation is a preferred for faster and precise operations as compare to manual operation. This paper provides a mean of simple yet effective fixed type of automation for sorting the products. Two products identical in shape and size are sorted out automatically on the basis of drilled or undrilled product. LED and photo transistor arrangement is used for hole detection. Vertical zigzag conveyor is employed instead of usual flat belt conveyor in order to utilise gravitational force as a driving force for feeding the products. 8051 Microcontroller is used for controlling the sorting mechanism by using program or coding. The cost of project is nearly negligible as it is made from the waste except electrical components used for the project. Sincere efforts are taken to set an example of a inexpensive, reliable and easy to manufacture automated machine. The Paper focuses on the aspect of sorting mechanism with microcontroller programming and the automation tasks and solutions is obtained.
- 4. Automation is defined as a methodology to convert manual operations into semi automatic or automatic operations by means of mechanical, computer and electronic systems, which is used for increasing efficiency of machine. The technology involved in automation typically includes following things: 1. Highly mechanized machine for processing. 2. Automatic material handling system. 3. Industrial robots. 4. Automatic storage system. 5. Automatic inspection and quality control system. 6. Feedback and automatic process control, etc. There are three types of Automation systems namely Fixed automation, Programmable automation and Flexible
- 5. Project was conceptualized as shown in block diagram 3.1. The basic aim was to make a machine with both mechanical and electronics systems with minimum cost and effective design in order to achieve an unconventional automation system.
- 6. The products are to be fed through the sheet metal feeder to a vertical zigzag conveyor. Dc motor 1 is used for feeding system so as to provide smooth flow of products. Once products are passed through conveyor they are collected in a C-collar where hole detection system is placed to check for drilled or undrilled product. Corresponding signal was transmitted to 8051 microcontroller from where it was further transferred to L293D DC motor driver according to programming dumped in microcontroller. Motor driver drives the DC motor 2 in clockwise or counter clockwise direction and product is sorted accordingly.
- 9. 1. Microcontroller: P89V51RD2 microcontroller of 8051 family was connected to the motor driver to drive the motors. 2. Motor Driver: Single motor driver was used to drive both the motors with single assembly C program dumped into microcontroller. L293D type of driver was used for this purpose. Once started, DC motor 1 (12V, 500RPM) rotates continuously which was used in feeding mechanism and DC motor 2 (12V, 1000RPM) was rotated in either directions as per the signals coming from the hole detection system. All these components are shown in pin diagram. 3. Photo Transistor with LED: Photo transistor (FFH300) with 3W high power LED. This system was used a Hole Detection system. If signal passes through drilled component, DC motor 2 rotates in one direction. LED light could not fall on photo transistor if undrilled component was fed. In such cases, motor rotates in opposite direction.
- 10. The project was successfully completed and aim of low cost, effective automation machine was achieved. It was observed that Sorting was smooth and accurate. The mechanical systems were fine and manufactured considering all the requirements. Sheet metal was used whenever possible to make project lighter and portable. Reverse engineering approach was used for design calculation and motor selection. This was the prototype of the machine, however it was concluded that practical large scale execution was possible with the same approach. Final project is shown below.