Automotive Challenges Addressed by Standard and Non-Standard Based IP
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The document outlines the evolving challenges in automotive technology, particularly regarding the need for efficient and secure interface controller cores capable of handling a growing number of sensors and processors by 2019. It discusses the importance of low-power and fast communication protocols like CAN, LIN, and automotive Ethernet for real-time responses from various vehicle systems while ensuring data security with standards like AES and SHA. Key solutions include advanced video compression, real-time data processing, and hardware encryption capabilities to protect sensitive vehicle data and maintain high performance.
Automotive Challenges Addressed by Standard and Non-Standard Based IP
- 1. D&R April 2018 Meredith Lucky VP of Sales, CAST, Inc. Automotive Challenges Addressed by Standard and Non-Standard Based IP
- 2. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 2 Increasing Needs/New Challenges Outlook for 2019 exceeding 100K sensors and 500 processors Live video streaming from >= 10 cameras Cyber-attack proof What IP is needed in these systems as they evolve?
- 3. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 3 Increasing Needs/New Challenges Applicable IP cores are small, low-power, fast, easy to integrate, and don’t require processor intervention! Currently supporting automotive applications, and addressing new challenges: Processors – R8051XC2, BA22, GEON Interconnect – CAN, LIN, SENT, 802_1AS Video and image needs – JPEG, JPEGLS, H.264, Hardware Stacks, WDR/HDR Data Storage – GZIP, AES
- 4. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 4 CAST Processors Currently used in many automotive sensor products: 8051 — Small, low-power BA22 — 32-bit processor Introducing: Geon — low-power, efficient BA22 enhanced with advanced security features Protects sensitive code and data during execution, storage, and transfer to/from the processor Uses two or more cryptographically isolated secure execution contexts
- 5. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 5 Communications in Vehicle Networks Today FlexRay 10Mbps deterministic •Brakes •Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) MOST 150 Mbps •Speakers •Radio •Navigation •GPS LIN 19.2 kBaud •Wipers •Sensors •Mirror •Doors •Seats •Lights •Turn Signals •Window •Locks CAN 1Mbps •Engine •Seatbelts •Audio •Radar •Navigation •Instruments •Climate CAN Safety •Seatbelt •Airbags Ethernet 100 Mbps •Diagnostics •Backup Cameras
- 6. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 6 Example of a Robust Low-Risk IP Core: CAST CAN2.0/CAN-FD CPU CAN-CTRL UART Other Peripherals (Timers, GPIO, SPI, etc) TALOS Dev. Board Debug Pod UART2USB CAN-FD PHY Daughter-Card NCV7340-4 CAN-FD PHY DB9DB9 CAN Bus CAN Bus Host PC Low-Level CAN Driver Sample Applica on IDE Terminal App. Survived three CIA Plug Fests In production use Avery VIP available Reference design board for easy evaluation
- 7. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 7 The Single-Nibble Transmission Protocol: SENT Unidirectional, low-cost, interface for high- precision automotive sensors Low-cost: Uses only one wire for data transmission (and VDD and GND) and does not require special PHY on receiver or transmitter For high-precision sensors: Up to 24-data bits per message Standardized by SAE (SAE J2716) and used by several automotive sensor providers Lower cost & higher bit-rate alternative to LIN
- 8. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 8 Increasing Needs for Real-Time Response Need real-time response from hundreds of sensors and cameras
- 9. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 9 Automotive Ethernet TSN Time Sensitive Network – enables a predictable, deterministic, delivery time. Hardware Stacks for time-aware application development. IEEE 802.1AS for providing a common time reference to all devices participating in the real-time network IEEE 802.1Qav/bv for time-aware traffic scheduling (coming soon) UDPIP for low-latency transmission of data
- 10. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 10 Real-Time Response Live video streaming requires system low-latency CAST — slide 10
- 11. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 11 Meeting Real-Time Requirements H.264 and MJPEG video subsystems with deep sub-frame, end-to-end latency
- 12. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 12 Save on Bandwidth and Storage, while Preserving Data Accuracy Compression is key to reduce the networking and storage cost, but full accuracy of some types data needs to be preserved Industry-standard GZIP for sensor and other data JPEG-LS for image data - leading lossless compression efficiency and lowest complexity (silicon cost and power) Standards allow interoperability with software systems
- 13. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 13 WDR/HDR Increases Image Clarity Essential for machine vision in vehicles Improves image quality to create clear and sharp images under any lighting conditions Processes the merging of 2, 3, or 4 exposures and provides tone mapping, white-balance adjustment, back correction and 2D noise reduction filter
- 14. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 14 Preserving Vehicle Data-Security Security is a major concern for the in-vehicle network and data-storage, and the vehicle as an IoT node Security standards are based on the same industry- standard algorithmic primitives: AES, AES-GCM, AES-CCM, AES-XTS, MD-5, SHA-1, SHA-256, Keccak/SHA3 … CAST offers a wide-range of Low Power, High Throughput, Proven Hardware Encryption Primitives
- 15. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 15 IP Products 15 PERIPHERALS AMBA Infrastructure Cores AHB matrix, multi-layer AXI, AHB/APB/AXI Bus-Bridges, DMAs, Peripherals & AHB Cache Controller Device Controllers: Smart Card Reader, TFT- LCD Display Parallel NOR Flash & Serial NOR Flash (QSPI-XIP) Network Stacks: MPEG Transport Stream UDP/IP Stack Hardware RTP Stack Legacy Peripherals: DMA Controllers, UARTs, Timer/Counter CONTROLLERS & PROCESSORS 32-bit BA2x Family Application Processors Full & Basic Embedded Processors Cache-Enabled Deeply Embedded PipelineZero Low-Power Dev & Debug Packages 8051 Compatibles: Super-Fast Advanced Fast & Mature; Tiny Legacy-Configurable 16-bit 80251s: Fast, Tiny SECURITY & ENCRYPTION AES, Programmable, GCM, CCM Key Expander DES Single, Triple Hash Functions Keccak/SHA-3 SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-3, MD5 aINTERCONNECTS CAN2.0, CAN FD, LIN UARTS, I2C/SMBUS, SPI & QSPI SDLC & HDLC, Ethernet MAC PCI Express X1/X4 & X8 controllers, app interface Automotive Ethernet 802.1AS SENT/SAE J2716 COMPRESSION Lossless Data Compression GZIP/ZLIB/Deflate H.264/AVC Encoders: Low-Power through Ultra-Fast; Intra-Only H.264/AVC Decoders: Low-Latency, Low-Power JPEG & Motion JPEG: Encoders & Decoders: Baseline, Extended 16-bit, Ultra-Fast JPEGLS: Lossless image compression Video Over IP Subsystems & Ref. Designs H.265/HEVC Decoder WDR/HDR Image Processor
- 16. Automotive Interface Controller Cores 16 Thank You. Learn more: www.cast-inc.com info@cast-inc.com +1 201.391.8300
Editor's Notes
- #3: Connected car – Audio, Visual, in-vehicle M2M, external communications Internal M2M uses cellular and wireless communications like wifi and bluetooth – leveraging on IoT
- #4: Summary of the presentation: With all the new connectivity and challenges in the Automotive industry with infotainment, ADAS, etc. - surprise: old standards like CAN, LIN and Ethernet are still the high-tech backbone. ADAS - Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ASIL Automotive Safety Integrity Levels) risk classes: ASIL A for assist (lowest) ASIL D for automation (highest) SAE International created the J3016 standard: level 0-lowest to fully self-driving level 5-highest Error Detection – hardware redundancy and ECC
- #5: Summary of the presentation: With all the new connectivity and challenges in the Automotive industry with infotainment, ADAS, etc. - surprise: old standards like CAN, LIN and Ethernet are still the high-tech backbone. ADAS - Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ASIL Automotive Safety Integrity Levels) risk classes: ASIL A for assist (lowest) ASIL D for automation (highest) SAE International created the J3016 standard: level 0-lowest to fully self-driving level 5-highest Error Detection – hardware redundancy and ECC
- #6: CAN <1Mbps so not good for sending messages >100 times/sec updates, good for mechanical sensor info where the amount of data is limited and low bandwidth LiDAR – Light Detection and Ranging (determine distance) MOST – Media Oriented Systems Transport – fiber, daisy-chained or dedicated ECU – Electronic Control Units for sensors and nodes
- #7: Plug Fests- Real-world testing: diverse topologies, timing challenges, many vendors Proven with all popular transceivers Refrence design – Software Sample low-level drivers Sample embedded application Hardware Complete MCU with CAN Controller Interface Debug Pod for MCU Software Development PHY Daughter-Card using OnSemi’s NCV7340-4 or NCV7351
- #9: More video channels – send over different networks fo infotainment, adas, engine control Video used in critical applications – low latency guarantee
- #10: TCP’s handshaking make delivery time long and unpredictable AVB Audio/Video Bridging IEEE 802.1 – standard replaced by TCN Enables time-aware application development Provides Alarm: Dedicated host-interrupt line is asserted at a specific absolute time. Can be used by when system needs to execute a task at a specific time
- #11: Explain how end-to-end latency latency depends from buffering….
- #12: Implementing the connectivity to address the increasing needs
- #13: Implementing the connectivity to address the increasing needs
- #14: Implementing the connectivity to address the increasing needs