CAN, BY MD.ABDULLAH

Project Report on
Design and Development of PIC microcontroller
Based vehicle monitoring system using
Controller Area Network(CAN) protocol,
By
Md. Abdullah Ahamad
Regd.No-12K31D5506
Embedded system(2012-014)

INTRODUCTION:-
. Controller Area Network (CAN) is an attractive alternative in the automotive
and automation industries due to its ease in use, low cost and provided reduction
in wiring complexity. It was developed by Robert Bosch for communication
between various digital devices inside an automobile where heavy electrical
interferences and mechanical vibrations are present. This project is aimed at the
implementation of CAN protocol using PIC for vehicle monitoring system. The
main feature of the system includes monitoring of various vehicle parameters
such as Temperature, presence of CO level in the exhaust, Battery Voltage and
Light due to spark or fire.

Aims & objectives:-
The main objective of the project is to provide
the latest technology for the vehicle monitoring
system.The system uses the sensors to sense
the various parameters like temprature,CO,and
battery voltage with LDR.These parameter are
then given to the Microcontroller which transfers
the parameters to the receiver section by using
the Control Area Network (CAN) protocol. In the
receiver section the parameters are received by
CAN receiver and are then given to the
microcontroller which displays on the LCD. The
LCD located near the driver seat. By
implementing this system we are implementing
the CAN protocol which is fast and accurate
when compared to any other system.

Existing system:-
 The traditional forms of peer-to-peer connect
between electronic control units and electronic
devices cannot meet the need of real time
control control of distributed system in
automobile. Meanwhile,
 The continuing increase of electronice devices
results in geometric growth of lead number
and wiring becomes hard in limited space in
automobile, restricts the expention internal
control of functions.

Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages of Proposed
system:-
Disadvantage of Existing
system:-
The system uses the letest
technology Which is CAN
protocol which is
implemented with the
microcontroller.
Proposed system uses
fewer wires than any other
traditional system can use
and the system is more
accurate and fast in
response.
The existing uses the peer-
to-peer connection which
takes more wires to transfer
the information from the
electronics devices to the
display unit which is their
main disadvantage.
This system is slow and
less accurate if more the
number of electronic
devices are added and the
more time is consumed.

2. Project Description:-
Introduction to Embedded system:-An
embedded sysytem can be defined as a computing device
that does a specific focused job. Appliances such as the air-
conditioner, VCD player, printer, fax machine, mobile phone
etc. are examples of embedded systems. Each of these
appliances will have a processor and special hardware to
meet the specific requirement of the application along with the
embedded software that is executed by the processor for
meeting that specific requirement. The embedded software is
also called “firm ware”.
Embeded system have to work against some deadlines. A
specific job has to be completed within a specific time.if the
missing a deadline may cause a catastrophe-loss of life or
damage to property. Mostly embedded system operate
through a battery, and the power comsumption has to be very
low.

Hardware & software requirement:-
 Hardware Requirements:
 Power Supply
 PIC16F877A Microcontroller
 9V Battery
 Temperature Sensor
 GAS Sensor
 LDR
 CAN Controller and Transceiver
 16x2 LCD
 MAX232
 Software Requirements:
Embedded C
CCS Compiler
.net

Application Areas of Emb,
system:-Approx 99 percent processors manufactured end up in
embedded system.Now a day the embedded system market is
one of the highest growth areas as these system are used in
very market segment like consumer electronics, office
automation, industrial automation, biomedical engineer,
wireless communication, data communication,
transportation,military and so on,,,,,,,

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE &
OVERVIEW
Fig:- Building blocks of the
hardware of an Embedded
system.

Control Area network(CAN):-
 Controller Area Network (CAN) was initially created by
German automotive system supplier Robert Bosch in the
mid-1980s for automotive applications as a method for
enabling robust serial communication. The goal was to
make automobiles more reliable, safe and fuel-efficient
while decreasing wiring harness weight and complexity.
Since its inception, the CAN protocol has gained
widespread popularity in industrial automation and
automotive truck applications. Other markets where
networked solutions can bring attractive benefits like
medical equipment, test equipment and mobile machines
are also starting to utilize the benefits of CAN. The goal of
this application note is to explain some of the basics of
CAN and show the benefits of choosing CAN for embedded
systems networked applications.

Features of CAN:-
 Supports 1 Mb/s operation
 Implements ISO-11898 standard physical layer requirements
 Suitable for 12V and 24V systems
 Externally-controlled slope for reduced RFI emissions
 Detection of ground fault (permanent dominant) on TXD input
 Power-on reset and voltage brown-out protection
 An unpowered node or brown-out event will not disturb the CAN bus
 Low current standby operation
 Protection against damage due to short-circuit conditions (positive or
negative battery voltage)
 Protection against high-voltage transients
 Automatic thermal shutdown protection
 Up to 112 nodes can be connected
 High noise immunity due to differential bus Implementation

Block diagram of CAN:-
Pin Descriptions
The 8-pin pinout is listed in Table below:
Pin
Number
Pin Name Pin Function
1 TXD Transmit Data Input
2 VSS Ground
3 VDD Supply Voltage
4 RXD Receive Data Output
5 VREF Reference Output Voltage
6 CANL CAN Low-level Voltage I/O
7 CANH CAN High-level Voltage I/O
8 RS Slope-Control Input

The CAN protocol was optimized for systems that need to transmit and receive relatively
small amounts of information (as compared to Ethernet or USB, which are designed to
move much larger blocks of data) reliably to any or all other nodes on the network.
Transmitter Function
The CAN bus has two states: Dominant and Recessive. A dominant state occurs when the
differential voltage between CANH and CANL is greater than a defined voltage
(e.g.,1.2V). A recessive state occurs when the differential voltage is less than a defined
voltage (typically 0V). The dominant and recessive states correspond to the low and high
state of the TXD input pin, respectively. However, a dominant state initiated by another
CAN node will override a recessive state on the CAN bus.
Receiver Function
The RXD output pin reflects the differential bus voltage between CANH and CANL. The
low and high states of the RXD output pin correspond to the dominant and recessive
states of the CAN bus, respectively.

Operating modes of CAN:-
 Before CAN control:-

WITH CAN:-
Control with engine

Flow chart for CAN based monitoring in the
engine:-

ii. Flow chart for CAN based monitoring in the
engine

Adventages of CAN:-
 High throughput under light loads
 Local and global prioritization possible
 Arbitration is part of the message - low overhead.

PIC microcontroller:-
 PIC 16F877 is one of the most advanced microcontroller
from Microchip. This controller is widely used for
experimental and modern applications because of its low
price, wide range of applications, high quality, and ease of
availability. It is ideal for applications such as machine
control applications, measurement devices, study purpose,
and so on. The PIC 16F877 features all the components
which modern microcontrollers normally have. The figure
of a PIC16F877 chip is shown below

PIN diagram of PIC microcontroller:-

INPUT/OUTPUT PORT:-
 PIC16F877 has 5 basic input/output ports. They are
usually denoted by PORT A (R A), PORT B (RB), PORT C
(RC), PORT D (RD), and PORT E (RE). These ports are
used for input/ output interfacing. In this controller,
“PORT A” is only 6 bits wide (RA-0 to RA-7), ”PORT B” ,
“PORT C”,”PORT D” are only 8 bits wide (RB-0 to RB-
7,RC-0 to RC-7,RD-0 to RD-7), ”PORT E” has only 3 bit
wide (RE-0 to RE-7).
 PORT-A RA-0 to RA-5….6 bit wide
 PORT-B RB-0 to RB-7….8 bit wide
 PORT-C RC-0 to RC-7…,8 bit wide
 PORT-D RD-0 to RD-7..8 bit wide
 PORT-E RE-0 to RE-2..3 bit wid
 Table: Ports of PIC Microcontroller

Adventages:-
 Small instruction set to learn
 Inexpensive microcontrollers
 It is a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
design
 Only thirty seven instructions to remember
 Its code is extremely efficient, allowing the PIC to
run with typically less program memory than its
larger competitors.
 It is low cost, high clock speed

Light Dependent Resister(LDR):-

LDR symbol & Application:-
Light Dependent Resistor Symbol Used In Circuit Diagrams
Application
The photo-resistor or light dependent resistor is attractive in many electronic circuit
designs because of its low cost, simple structure and rugged features. While it may not
have some of the features of the photo-diode and photo-transistor, it is ideal for many
applications. As a result the photo-resistor is widely used in circuits such as photographic
meters, flame or smoke detectors, burglar alarms, card readers, controls for street lighting
and many others.

Gas sensor:-
 A gas detector is a device which detects the presence of
various gases within an area, usually as part of a safety
system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak
and interface with a control system so a process can be
automatically shut down. A gas detector can also sound an
alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring,
giving them the opportunity to leave the area. This type of
device is important because there are many gases that can
be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.


Features & Application:-
 FEATURES :-
 High sensitivity to LPG, natural gas, town gas.
 Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.
 Fast response.
 Stable and long life.
 Simple drive circuit.
 APPLICATION :-
 They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments family
and industry, These are,
 suitable for detecting of LPG, natural gas, town gas, avoid
the noise of alcohol and cooking fumes and cigarette
smoke.

Software specification:-
 MATLAB
 GENERAL:-
The term digital image refers to processing of a
two dimensional picture by a digital computer. In a
broader context, it implies digital processing of any
two dimensional data. A digital image is an array of
real or complex numbers represented by a finite
number of bits. An image given in the form of a
transparency, slide, photograph or an X-ray is first
digitized and stored as a matrix of binary digits in
computer memory. This digitized image can then be
processed and/or displayed on a high-resolution
television monitor. For display, the image is stored in
a rapid-access buffer memory, which refreshes the
monitor at a rate of 25 frames per second to produce
a visually continuous display.

MP LAB:-
Introduction :-
 MPLAB® X IDE is a software program that runs on a PC (Windows®,
Mac OS®, Linux®) to develop applications for Microchip
microcontrollers and digital signal controllers. It is called an
Integrated Development Environment (IDE), because it provides a
single integrated “environment” to develop code for embedded
microcontrollers.
 MPLAB® X Integrated Development Environment brings many
changes to the PIC® microcontroller development tool chain. Unlike
previous versions of MPLAB® which were developed completely in-
house, MPLAB® X is based on the open source NetBeans IDE from
Oracle. Taking this path has allowed us to add many frequently
requested features very quickly and easily while also providing us
with a much more extensible architecture to bring you even more
new features in the future.

Application of sansors in cars:-

Working principle:-
This is mainly implemented for monitoring parameter of vehicle
using the help of Control Area Network (CAN) protocol. The
monitoring parameters are temperature, battery voltage, light
due to due to spark or fire and CO level n exhaust engine. For
monitoring the above parameters, LM 35 sensor, gas sensor,
12V battery, LDR, are used. For implementing this, the
programming of LED, ADC and LCD interfacing with PIC
microcontroller is done using Embedded C. Then the
simulation results are obtained using PROTEUS professional
schematic software. The programming of PIC microcontroller
interfacing using CAN Protocol is verified using a general
purpose board. Hardware schematic is drawn using orCAD.
Implemented hardware and software is ported to it.

Future scope:-
 1. This project is implemented for a two
node. But according to users
requirement this can be extended to 4-
nodes, 8-nodes, 16-nodes etc for vehicle
monitoring applications.
 2.. Response time analysis can be done.
Since response time analysis for CAN
aims to provide a method of calculating
the worst-case response time of each
message.
 3. Cost analysis can be done.

CAN, BY MD.ABDULLAH

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CAN, BY MD.ABDULLAH