AVB201.1 Microsoft Access VBA Module 1

AVB201 Visual Basic For Applications MS Access, Beginning Course P.O. Box 6142 Laguna Niguel, CA 92607 949-489-1472 http://www.dhdursoassociates.com

AVB201 Contact Information Bookstore2 SQL212 Module 2 P.O. Box 6142 Laguna Niguel, CA 92607 949-489-1472 http://www.d2associates.com [email_address] Copyright 2001-20011 All rights reserved.

AVB210 Notes The original version of these slides was prepared by Sven Homan of Dinamika, Inc. They have since been updated somewhat but the focus on VBA as a programming language has been retained. This course is available on a regular schedule in San Juan Capistrano, California, and by private arrangement. See the contact information on the previous slide. Sales AVB201 Module 1

AVB201 Resources This course is based on a simple product sales database. Click here to download it from www.box.net. Slides can be viewed at the SlideShare link below. http://www.slideshare.net/OCDatabases Bookstore SQL212 Module 1

OUTLINE SESSION 1: Event driven Programming in Access (3 hours). SESSION 2: VBA Language Constructs and Programming Techniques (3 hours). AVB202: Working Programmatically with Data (3 hours). Sales AVB201 Module 1

Product Sales Sample Database Sales AVB201 Module 1

Session 1: Event Driven Programming in Access Why VBA ? Using events and event procedures. Using VBA Editor. Event types in Access. Differentiating between functions and sub procedures. Organizing VBA code into modules. Using Variables, Scope, and Data types. Exploring and using built-in functions. Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.1 Why VBA ? Greatly extends the functionality of Macros. Allows customized interactions with users. Enables complex operations on records. Enables complete control over the Access Object Model Capable of making reports and forms that can make decisions based on user choices, database data, and user supplied values. Offers improved error handling capabilities. Programming is FUN !! Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.2 Events and Event Procedures Event is when something happens to any object in your application. Ex: User clicks a button (object) on a form (also an object). Event Procedure is a piece of VBA code that is associated with this object and this event. Since event code is programmed the event can trigger any number of actions. Ex: deleting a record and closing the form. In such event driven programming model, the user is in control of when and what should happen next in the application. Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.3 Using VBA Editor VBA editor is the place where you write your VBA code. Enter via code builder, CTRL G, etc. VBA editor keeps your code organized into modules, functions, procedures, and/or classes (more on module types later). You can write, document, test, compile, and debug your code with supplied tools >> explore VBA menus. We will use the VBA editor for the rest of this course. Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.3 Using VBA Editor Demonstration: Make “Add New” command button on a Products form. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Exercise: Add “Delete” button to Products form and check the procedure. Explore changing the code and see how VBA automatically notifies you of certain errors. Run procedure by clicking the “Delete” command button. Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.4 Types of Events in Access Events in Access can be categorized into several groups: Windows (Form, Report): opening, closing, resizing. Data: making current, deleting, updating. Focus: activating, entering, exiting. Keyboard: pressing or releasing a key. Mouse: clicking a mouse button. Print: formatting, printing. Error and timing: when error occurs in code or some time passes. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Commonly Used Events Events are normally associated with a form, report, or some control on a form. Some common form events are: On Open, On Load, Before Update, On Unload, On Current On Delete Before Delete. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Common Control Events On Click Before Update After Update On Double Click. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Common Report Events On Open On Activate On Close On No Data. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Event Flow NOTE: A single user action can also trigger several events that then run in succession. For example when the user opens a form all of the following events occur: Open >> Load >> Resize >> Activate >> Current Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.5 Differentiating between Functions and Sub Procedures. Functions return a value to the calling code, usually providing the result of the function’s operation. Sub Procedures execute the code in the procedure but do not return any values. Both, functions and procedures, can accept multiple input values from the calling program that can be used inside their respective operations. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Function Syntax: Function FunctionName(passed arguments) As “Data Type of Return” ..some code.. FunctionName = “Return Value” End Function Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Sub Procedure Syntax: Sub SubName(passed arguments) ..some code.. End Sub Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.6 Organizing VBA Code into Modules All event procedures and any other VBA code are grouped and placed into “Modules”. MS Access has 4 types of modules: Standard, Form, Report, and Class. Each form and report has its own form or report module. All event procedures associated with a particular form or report should reside in their respective module. Standard module holds any other common or non form/report specific code. Class modules support object oriented programming approach (OOP) to development. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Exercise: Access any of the module types. In all cases you work with the same VBA editor. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont This is the place where we start writing some of our own code. Interactive Exercise : Create new standard module. Type in the following code: Function Area (Height As Double, Width As Double) As Double Area = Width * Height End Function Optionally compile code (under Debug menu). Run code in Immediate window: ?Area(3,4) Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont And now try the following procedure: Sub MyLoop() Dim loopcount As Integer, i As Integer loopcount = 3 For i = 1 To loopcount Debug.Print "Loop ", i Next i Beep End Sub More about “For” statement in Session 2. Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.7 Variables, Scope, and Data Types Variables are containers that hold your data in programs. Each variable should have a type. VBA supports a wide range of data types that are not identical to data types declared on fields in tables. Knowing both groups and how to map them is essential for good programming. If you forget to assign type to a variable in VBA, then the variable is treated as a “Variant”. Variants assume data type when data is loaded in to the variable. NOTE: !! Avoid using Variants”. They slow the execution and make for poor documentation. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Some often used data types in VBA Boolean (True or False) Currency (formatted number $56.67) Double, Single (51.145678) Integer (321) Date (#8/28/04#) String (“Any word or sentence”) Q: What are their equivalents in database tables? Sales AVB201 Module 1

Scope of Variables (and Procedures) Scope determines where can variable be used. This depends on the place where and also how it was declared. Variables declared inside functions or subs must be declared with a Dim statement. They are always local to that sub or function.. Sales AVB201 Module 1

… cont Variables declared outside any function or sub are always global to that module. Whether they are also available to other modules, depends on what you precede their declarations with: “ Private Area As Double” would be same as “Dim Area As Double”. “ Public Area As Double” on the other hand is global to the application. NOTE: !!You can not use Public declaration inside function or sub. Use Dim ONLY. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Functions and Procedures also have a scope. Preceding function or procedure declaration with a word “Public” or “Private” makes that function or sub available “in the module where declared only” OR they can be called (used) from any place in the application. Ex: Procedure in one module can call Public functions declared in any other module. Public and Private declarations are useful to avoid confusion with keeping track of multiple names used for variables, functions, and procedures. Similar operations on two different forms can use procedures with same name as long as they are both declared as private in their respective modules. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Exercise: Modify the MyLoop procedure to accept the number of loops. Call the new one MyAreaLoop Call the Area function procedure from the MyAreaLoop procedure and pass it a length 0f 10 and width of I. (You will have to set up a variable of type double for area.) Run the MyAreaLoop procedure. Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Exercise: Sub MyAreaLoop( numloops As Integer) Dim loopnum As Double, i As Integer For i = 1 To numloops loopnum = i Debug.Print "Area ", i, Area(10, loopnum) Next i Beep End Sub Sales AVB201 Module 1

..cont Mini-Quiz: If you change the Area function to private does myarealoop still work? Why? How could you use global variables? Should you? Sales AVB201 Module 1

1.8 Built-in Functions and Procedures Beside custom made functions and procedures there are some that are built-in and part of the Access VBA language. We will see several examples in the following Sessions. “ Beep” is an example of built-in procedure and performs a single operation: It makes computer beep. Once. Built-in functions can be used anywhere in your program. Knowing what is available is essential for efficient programming so we don’t go and try to reinvent the wheel. Sales AVB201 Module 1

Some Common built-in Functions Today = Date() returns today’s date. UCase(String) converts all letters in string to upper case. Round(3.89) rounds a value in parenthesis to nearest integer (4 here). Len(String) returns number of characters in a string. NOTE: There are close to 100 built in functions available for almost any area of data manipulation. Check some reference book for complete list or consult an Online Help in Access. We will introduce and use several in the hours ahead. Sales AVB201 Module 1

AVB201.1 Microsoft Access VBA Module 1

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AVB201.1 Microsoft Access VBA Module 1