Bangladesh liberation war ( EAST Pakistan Vs WEST Pakistan
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The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 was triggered by political and economic disparities between East and West Pakistan, culminating in violent oppression of Bengalis following the Awami League's electoral victory. West Pakistani military operations led to horrific human rights abuses, resulting in millions of deaths and mass migration to India. The conflict ended with India's military intervention, leading to Pakistani surrender and the Shimla Agreement in 1972 which established peace and diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh liberation war ( EAST Pakistan Vs WEST Pakistan
- 1. BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR (1971) India got Independence on 15th August 1947. Indiauniversally accepted the idea that all men are created equal. Whereas Pakistan is considered the “ Land of pure”. Pakistan was divided into two parts. East Pakistan – now Bangladesh and west Pakistan is the present Pakistan. Root cause of these incident was URDU. As WEST PAKISTAN was made up of races including Punjab, Sindhi’s , pathans, Balochin’s, Mohanjir, etc. whereas EAST PAKISTAN was much more homogeneous and had an overwhelming Bengali speaking population. Political power concentrated in West Pakistan and East Pakistan was exploited economically leading to many grievances. Election was won by East Pakistani political party “ AWAMI LEAGUE”under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman, winning 167 out of 169 seats allotted East Pakistan, thus majority out of 313 seats in National assembly. This gave Awami League constitutional right to form a government but Pakistan Peoples party leader “ ZULKIBAR ALI BHUTTO”refused to allow to be new Prime minister of Pakistan, instead he said lets make two Prime minister for each wing, hence they meet in Dakha along with the President GEN. YAHA KHAN. ButMujibur was arrested and killing of all intellectuals started in East Pakistan. West Pakistani troops attacked East Pakistani Hindu people. Gen. Tika khan, started “OPERATION SEARCH LIGH”to curb Bengali Independence Movement.
- 2. Violence focused on East Pakistan but affected all parts of East Pakistan Residential halls of Dhaka and around 600-700 residents were murdered. The Reason for this OPERATION SEARCH LIGHT on East Pakistan is understood to be as provided by the Government of West Pakistan Was “BIHARIMASSACRE”as Bihari’s were slaughtered by Bengali Mob in Chittagong, as Bihar people at that time supported West Pakistan. Gen. Tika Khan “Butcherof Bengal” went on Massacre and slaughtered. His aim was to capture the land and convert all Hindus to Muslims. He used cruel actions like Rape and around four lakh rape cases and 3-5 months pregnant women’s were identified when they were released from Pakistan’s army. Their aim was to dishonour Bengali women’s to undermine Bengali society. Hindus and Bengali speaking Muslims were slaughtered and total number of death toll rise to 3 million and around 10 million refugees fled to India through neighbouring states. India Prime minister decided to go for war against Pakistan. Indian Government supported “MUKTI BAHINI”comprising of Bengali Civilians which (RAW)helped to train, organise and arm this insurgent and they succeeded in their counter attack on the Pakistani military. Pakistan forces were unable to counter the Indian Guerrilla Attack as deployed in small units around border. Pakistan surrendered on 16 December1971. In this war, Pakistan was financially supported by the United states, China provided them with modern arms and ammunition. Whereas Bangladesh was helped by India and Russia. US feared India invasion of West Pakistan would mean total Soviet domination of region and would undermine the global position of US, so the US president Richard Nixon encouraged countries like Jordan, Iran to send military assistance to Pakistan while encouraging china to increase their arms supply in Pakistan.
- 3. US also introduced a resolution in UN security council calling for cease fire and withdrawal of armed forces by India. Shimla Agreement is called the Peace treaty, was signed on july2, 1972, in Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh. Agreement was the result of resolving and putting an end to the conflict. Steps taken for normalization of mutual relations and laid down principle should govern the future relations. Shimla Treaty was signed by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, President of Pakistan and Indian PM Indira Gandhi on 3 July at 00.40 hrs midnight. This agreement paved way for diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan. As per these Shimla Agreement “settlement of differences between this two countries will be by peaceful means through Bilateral Negotiations and denies 3rd party to intervene like UN. The Agreement also led to conversion of Cease fire line of December17,1971into LOC between India – Pakistan and was agreed neither side shall seek to ulter it, irrespective of mutual differences and legal issues.