Barcoding & RFID
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Barcoding and RFID are technologies used for electronic identification of objects. Barcoding uses a pattern of dark and light bars to represent numbers or characters, and has been used since 1967 for applications like rail transport and grocery stores. RFID uses radio waves to identify objects wirelessly. The main types are active RFID with internal batteries and longer ranges, and passive RFID which derives power from reader signals. Both technologies have advantages like speed and accuracy over manual identification, and disadvantages like equipment needs and environmental sensitivity. Common uses include asset tracking, access control, toll collection and supply chain management.
Barcoding & RFID
- 1. BARCODING & RFID Navindu Munidasa MSc Logistics and Supply Chain (UK) (Reading); BSc Operations and Logistics Management (UK); Dip in Computer Hardware and Networking ; Certificate in Motor Mechanism (CGTTI); Certificate in Workshop Practices (CGTTI)
- 2. BARCODING
- 3. INTRODUCTION • The Bar Code technology was introduced in 1967 in USA, Rail Roads for the purpose of automatically identifying the rail cars. Subsequently, to that industries started using it. • In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on products. • Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for identification in almost all types of business.
- 4. DEFINING A BAR CODE • A bar code is defined "as a pattern of alternate dark bars and white (blank) spaces. The combination of these bars & spaces represent numbers or characters". • Each unique arrangement of the bars and spaces is referred to as a bar code symbology. Bar Codes are designed to suit specific applications and therefore vary in size, shape & data content.
- 6. BARCODE TYPES AND USE • There are two types of barcodes: Linear barcodes and 2D barcodes. Linear barcodes 2D barcodes Code 128 Data Matrix UPC PDF417 Interleaved 2 of 5 Maxicode
- 10. BENEFITS OF BARCODING Speed – On average, one barcode label can be scanned in the same amount of time that it takes an employee to make two keystrokes Accuracy – Keyboard operators make an average of ten errors for every 1,000 characters typed, as opposed to one error in every 10,000 reads for an optical character readers, one error in every 3,000,000 characters with wands, and one error in 70 million entries with laser technology Ease of Implementation – Most barcode scanner operators learn to use the equipment in less than 15 minutes, and barcode labels are read by thousands of available devices Cost Effectiveness – Barcode systems often recoup their investment in 6-18 months and provide the highest level of reliability in a wide variety of data collection applications; barcode systems save time and prevent errors
- 11. DISADVANTAGES OF A BARCODE Barcode scanning requires special device called Barcode scanner which emits light and collects reflected light to decode the Barcode. Barcode scanner or reader works with computers or POS terminals. Barcodes do not have read/write capabilities. It requires optical line of sight (LOS) scanning. It is labor intensive as it requires to be scanned individually. It is less secure compare to RFID which can be easily forged. It is susceptible to environmental damage. Scratched or crumpled barcodes may cause problems while scanning.
- 12. RFID
- 13. WHAT IS RFID? • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology used for electronic and wireless identification of objects, humans and animals
- 15. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TAGS • Active tags • Powered by an internal battery • Finite lifetime (because of battery) • Greater range • Better noise immunity • Higher data transmission rates
- 16. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TAGS • Passive tags • Operate without battery • Derive power from the field generate by the reader • Less expensive • Unlimited life • Require more powerful readers • Orientation sensitivity
- 17. CARRIER FREQUENCIES • RFID systems may use a particular frequency band depending on their Application, Legislature or Cost considerations Frequency Band Characteristics Typical Applications Low 100-500 kHz Short to medium read range, inexpensive, low reading speed Access control Animal/Human identification Inventory Control Medium 10-15 MHz Short to medium read range Potentially inexpensive Medium reading speed Smart Cards High UHF: 850-950MHz Microwave: 2.4 – 5.8 GHz Long read range High reading speed Line of sight required (Microwave) Expensive Railroad car monitoring Toll collection systems (OGS)
- 18. LIVESTOCK TAGGING RFID ear tag for identification.
- 20. SMART GROCERY STORE • Several carts this full in early evening could seriously slow down the checkout process. • How much do cashiers cost? • Add an RFID tag to all items in the grocery. • As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver • The cart is rung up in seconds.
- 21. RFID IN THE RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN
- 22. RFID’S ADVANTAGES • Passive • Store data on a tag • Can be hidden • Work in harsh environments RFID’S DISADVANTAGES • Lack of standards • Short range • Cost
- 23. THANK YOU