Basic grammar
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The document discusses basic English grammar, including parts of speech, phrases, clauses, sentence structures, and common grammatical errors. It defines nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and other parts of speech. It also explains the different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures such as simple, compound, and complex sentences. Finally, it provides examples of common grammatical errors like run-on sentences, fragments, subject-verb agreement issues, and incorrect punctuation.
![Clause structure
Noun [phrase] Verb [phrase]
A group of is standing at a bus
people stop
Jane and her
Are watching TV
family
People in
There Are
the room
It Is raining heavily
This dish Tastes delicious](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicgrammar-130408064640-phpapp02/85/Basic-grammar-6-320.jpg)
![Simple sentence
•Subject + Verb
• Must have a subject & a verb
• School / start / at / 8 a.m.
• Verb must agree with subject
• School starts
• Begin. with CAPITAL LETTER and end
with [full stop]
• School starts at 8 a.m.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicgrammar-130408064640-phpapp02/85/Basic-grammar-10-320.jpg)
![Compound sentence
• Two [2] simple sentences are combined
together by a conjunction with comma
• and/or/nor/but/so/for/yet
• The cupcakes are delicious, but
they are expensive.
• The machine breaks down time to
constantly, and takes a lot
get repaired.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicgrammar-130408064640-phpapp02/85/Basic-grammar-12-320.jpg)
![Run-on sentence
• Incorrect use of punctuation
• study every day.
The students want to pass the test they
• The studentsday. to pass the test. They
study every
want
• Incorrect use of linking words
[conjunction]
• It was a beautiful day we wanted to go
the beach.
• It was a beautiful day, and/so we
wanted to go the beach.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicgrammar-130408064640-phpapp02/85/Basic-grammar-19-320.jpg)
![• Studying on weekends is very hard.
• My family is from Australia, then they
moved to Canada.
• The experiment failed because no one
paid attention to it.
• The committee organized the
fundraiser. [remove it]
• I disagree with the idea because it
doesn’t sound promising.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicgrammar-130408064640-phpapp02/85/Basic-grammar-22-320.jpg)
Basic grammar
- 1. Basic english Grammar Material from British Council/yale writing center/esl sentence structure
- 2. Part of speech •Each word has a part of speech • Noun - summary, proposal • Pronoun - it, he, she • Verb - summarize, propose, agree
- 3. Part of speech •Adjective - suitable, proper • Adverb - thoroughly, appropriately • Preposition - over, on, under • Conjunction- and, or, nor • Interjection - well, oh
- 4. phrase • Group of words • student committee Noun phrase - both of my friends, the • Verb phrase - is watching, have decided • Prepositional phrase - in the light • Adverbial phrase - as soon as possible
- 5. clause • Is a group of words with a subject & a predicate • Actors perform on a stage. • A subject can be noun phrase • A group of people • A verb can be verb phrase • is standing at a bus stop
- 6. Clause structure Noun [phrase] Verb [phrase] A group of is standing at a bus people stop Jane and her Are watching TV family People in There Are the room It Is raining heavily This dish Tastes delicious
- 7. Noun phrase • Some words come after a noun • With a prepositional phrase • The shop around the corner • With -ing phrase • A student talking to a teacher • With a relative clause • The woman who discovered radium
- 8. • With “that” clause • We disagreeshouldthe organized. fundraiser with be idea that a • With to infinitives • Do you need a place to stay?
- 9. sentence • Simple sentence • Compound sentence • Complex sentence
- 10. Simple sentence •Subject + Verb • Must have a subject & a verb • School / start / at / 8 a.m. • Verb must agree with subject • School starts • Begin. with CAPITAL LETTER and end with [full stop] • School starts at 8 a.m.
- 11. • Can use adjective, adverb, preposition to add information • My school starts at 8 a.m. on the dot. • The purpose of this proposal is to summarize.
- 12. Compound sentence • Two [2] simple sentences are combined together by a conjunction with comma • and/or/nor/but/so/for/yet • The cupcakes are delicious, but they are expensive. • The machine breaks down time to constantly, and takes a lot get repaired.
- 13. Complex sentence • Main clause + dependent clause • clauses Use subordinating conjunctions to join • although, if, because, when • I would advise against it because it’s not really what we are looking for.
- 14. • Use relative clause to modify a noun preceded • which, who, whom, where, -- • with this idea, decided to make some The student committee, who came up changes.
- 16. Noun vs. pronoun • Do not repeat a noun with a pronoun in the same clause • My mother she told me to do the dishes. • My cellphone I lost it at a movie theater.
- 17. conjunction •Do not double-use the conjunction • Although my classes aregood. but my grades are not very easy, • Because thecome to class late. therefore I traffic is congested,
- 18. adverb • Do not put an adverb BETWEEN a verb and its direct object • Our term papers. assigned already the professor has • Our term papers. already assigned the professor has
- 19. Run-on sentence • Incorrect use of punctuation • study every day. The students want to pass the test they • The studentsday. to pass the test. They study every want • Incorrect use of linking words [conjunction] • It was a beautiful day we wanted to go the beach. • It was a beautiful day, and/so we wanted to go the beach.
- 20. fragment • A sentence is missing a subject or a verb • Visit an orphanage. • A gerund is used incorrectly • We planning to have BBQ buffet. • A dependent clause is written as a complete sentence • Because we can raise much money.
- 21. What’s wrong? • Studying on weekends very hard • My family is from Australia they moved to Canada • The experiment failed no one paid attention to it • The committee they organized the fundraiser • I disagree with the idea. Because it doesn’t sound promising.
- 22. • Studying on weekends is very hard. • My family is from Australia, then they moved to Canada. • The experiment failed because no one paid attention to it. • The committee organized the fundraiser. [remove it] • I disagree with the idea because it doesn’t sound promising.