Basic Understanding about TCP/IP Addressing system
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This document provides an overview of TCP/IP addressing and architecture. It describes how TCP/IP was developed by the US Defense Department and Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn. The TCP/IP model has four layers - network access, internet, transport, and application - with each layer performing distinct functions like packet switching, routing, error control, and supporting various applications. It also explains key TCP/IP concepts like IP addresses, subnet masking, CIDR notation, port numbers, and the role of RFC documents in the TCP/IP standards process.
Basic Understanding about TCP/IP Addressing system
- 1. TCP/IP ADDRESSING SYSTEM TRANMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/ INTERNET PROTOCOL
- 2. Contents ● IMPORTANCE ● HISTORY ● TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE ● NETWORK ACCESS LAYER ● INTERNET LAYER ● TRANSPORT LAYER ● APPLICATION LAYER
- 3. Importance ● Network Administration ● Social Networking ● Internet
- 4. History ● US Defence Department ● Vint Cerf ● Robert E.Kahn
- 5. Invention of TCP/IP V.Cerf R.kahn
- 6. TCP/IP Architecture Layers of tcp/ip Data Packages in tcp/ip
- 7. Significant Tasks in tcp/ip ● Packet Switching ● Logical Addressing ● Routing ● Error/Flow Control ● Name Resolution ● Apps Support
- 8. Network Access Layer ● Data frames sent to identify source,destination MAC’s. ● Ethernet ● CSMA/CD ● ARP/RARP
- 9. Frame Header
- 10. IP Layer ● IP Address → 32 bit i.e. 4 octets ● Ex: 127.0.0.0 i.e. used to find tcp/ip working? ● Ping 127.0.0.0 ● IP Address using network id + host id
- 11. Classification of IP addresses ● Class A Address first octet starts from 1- 127(10.0.0.0)first octet for n/w id remaining for host id. ● Class B Address first octet starts from 128-191 (190.78.0.0)first two octets for n/w id remaining for host id. ● Class C Address first octet starts from 192-223 (190.78.200.0)first 3 octets for n/w id remaining for host id.
- 12. Classification of IP addresses ● Class D Address : First octet starts from 224-239 ● Class E Address : First octet starts from 240-247
- 13. Subnet and Subnet Mask ● For Class A network there is 16 millions of hosts are available n/w id itself doesn’t root to correct destination. ● In order to avoid such problems network divides into small type of networks called subnets. ● Each subnet has its own subnet id which has given by network to root the data package for the particular host.
- 14. Subnet and Subnet Mask ● Subnet id can borrow the some of the bits from the host id to identify the particular subnet in the network. ● How to identify how many bits are borrowed from host id to subnet id determined by the SUBNET MASK. ● Subnet mask is also 32 bit binary address . It uses all 1’s for the n/w id and all 0’s for host id.
- 15. Subnet and Subnet Mask ● Subnet mask defines the combined length of n/w id and subnet id. ● Example: If 19 bits are used for n/w id for Class B address having subnet masks 0f 255.255.224.0 ● Default subnet masks for class A 255.0.0.0 ● Default subnet masks for class B 255.255.0.0 ● Default subnet masks for class C 255.255.255.0 ● Example : IP Address 212.114.32.113(subnet id :96, host id 17 i.e. 0.0.0.96 and 0.0.0.17)
- 16. IP Header
- 17. Questions related to Subnet mask ● How large a subnet id in class B n/w with mask 255.255.0.0? ● A n/w admin calculates that he will needs 21 mask bits for his network, what subnet mask he should use? ● A class c n/w address needed for employees of 10 locations each location has not more than 12 people what subnet mask needed for every work station? ● X wants to use the three subnet bits for sub netting on class A n/w what should be the sub net mask?
- 18. CIDR Classless internet domain routing ● We are running out of internet class addresses ● ISP leases some range of Class C network addresses and needs only one entry to define them all. ● Its needed a decimal number followed by slash as 204.21.128.0/17 ● Question: what IP Address assigned in the CIDR range 204.21.128.0/17?
- 19. Transport Layer ● Interface for network applications ● Resequencing ● Multiplexing (many to one), Demultiplexing(one to many) ● Flow control ● Port numbers (ip address + port number) 192.168.25.120.21 ● Grace fully close
- 20. Segment Header
- 21. Application Layer ● File or print services ● Name Resolution Services ● Remote Access Services ● Web services
- 22. References ● All official documents of tcp/ip presents in RFC’s ● http://www.rfc-editor.org ● You can comment for rfc’s with the email rfc- editor@rfc-editor.org
- 23. THANK YOU!!