basics of c++
- 1. BASICS OF C++ Chapter 2 1By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 2. contents 2 2.1 A Brief History of C & C++ 2.2 C Vs C++ 2.3 A Simple C++ Program 2.4 Application of C++ 2.5 Structure & Class 2.6 Compiling & Linking % - 3 By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 3. 2.1 A Brief History of C & C++ 3 The C++ programming language has a history going back to 1979, when Bjarne Stroustrup was doing work for his Ph.D. thesis The Simula 67 language "C with Classes“ C++ By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 4. 2.2 C Vs C++ 4 C C++ Language Type Procedural Oriented Language Multi paradigm language, includes STL, generic programming, procedural programming, functional programming, metaprogramming Object Oriented Programming Platforms Almost anything on the planet; requires recompile Any, but libraries used can make it limited Developed by Dennis Ritchie & Bell Labs Bjarne Stroustrup Influenced awk, csh, C++, C#, Objective-C, BitC, D, Concurrent C, Java, JavaScript, Limbo, Perl, PHP Ada 95, C#, Java, PHP, D, Aikido Typing Discipline Static, Weak Static, Unsafe, Nominative Paradigms Imperative (procedural) systems implementation language Multi-paradigm, STL, generic programming, procedural programming, functional programming, metaprogrammingBy:-Gourav Kottawar
- 5. 5 C C++ Influenced by B (BCPL,CPL), ALGOL 68, Assembly C, Simula, Ada 83, ALGOL 68, CLU, ML Designed by Dennis Ritchie Bjarne Stroustrup Programmi ng-String type Cannot use string type but declare it as an array of characters Can use std::string or design a string by user Major Implement ations GCC, MSVC, Borland C, Watcom C GNU Compiler Collection, Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++ Builder Speed C applications are faster to compile and execute than C++ applications +-5% when compare with C if you know how to make a good use of C++.The performance of C++ and C are equal, since compilers are mature(now is 2012), if your C++ codes are much slower than C, don't flame C++ but blame yourself. By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 6. 6 OOP (Object Oriented Programmi ng) Not built in; has the freedom to setup structures to act like objects. Lacking the ability to encapsulate(annouced private) is a big weakpoint Yes-polymorphism and inheritance, Classes. Appeared in 1972 1985 Execution Flow Top to Bottom Bottom to Top Garbage Collection Manual; allows better management of memory. Manual, you could manage the memory as C did, or use smart pointer , destructor to provide better and safer mechanism.According to your implementation, smart pointer can be zero runtime impact Usual filename extensions .c .cc, .cpp, .hh, .hpp By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 7. Simple C++ program 7 #include <iostream.h> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; return 0; } By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 8. Simple C++ program 8 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; return 0; } By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 9. Simple C++ program 9 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; return 0; } By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 10. namespace Namespace is a new concept introduced by the ANSI C++ standards committee. This defines a scope for the identifiers that are used in a program. For using the identifier defined in the namespace scope we must include the using directive, like Using namespace std; Here, std is the namespace where ANSI C++ standard class libraries are defined. All ANSI C++ programs must include this directive. This will bring all the identifiers defined in std to the current global scope. Using and namespace are the new keyword of C++. 10 By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 11. Simple C++ program 11 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; return 0; } By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 12. Simple C++ program 12 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World!" << endl; return 0; } By:-Gourav Kottawar
- 15. Applications of C++ Since C++ allow us to create hierarchy related objects, we can build special object-oriented libraries which can be used later by many programmers. While C++ is able to map the real-world problem properly, the C part of C++ gives the language the ability to get closed to the machine-level details. C++ programs are easily maintainable and expandable. When a new feature needs to be implemented, it is very easy to add to the existing structure of an object. • It is expected that C++ will replace C as a general- purpose language in the near future. 15 By:-Gourav Kottawar