Basics of Research
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Dr. Nuaman Ahmad Danawar outlines his research program which includes three main components: fundamentals of medical research and evidence-based medicine, methods of writing medical research and scientific papers, and basics of academic and scientific writing. The research program aims to teach these essential components of conducting and reporting medical research. Dr. Danawar has extensive qualifications and experience in general and laparoscopic surgery, and has published several medical papers after peer review. He can be contacted for inquiries about his research program.
Basics of Research
- 1. Research Program by Dr Nuaman Ahmad Danawar General and laparoscopic surgeon. Member of the royal college of surgeons (RCSI). Diploma in laparoscopic surgery. Syrian and Arab board in general surgery. Member of the society of American gastrointestinal endoscopic surgeons (SAGES). Member of the world association of laparoscopic surgeons (WALS). Researcher and published author. Articles peer-reviewer in the CUREUS journal of medical science- California.
- 2. Basics of medical research and evidence based medicine (EBM) Detention of EBM: Defined as the careful use of the best current related scientific research in making decision on patient’s care to achieve the best outcome. outcome experience research patient
- 3. Research Is looking knowledge. Research types: Primary VS secondary: When you are doing a study, this is a primary research. In contrast, when you are studying the already published studies, this is secondary research.
- 4. Types of research studies: a-in vitro (test tube) b-study on animals. c-ideas, opinions, editorials. d-case report/ series.
- 5. e-Observational studies: cross sectional, case control, and cohort study. Cross sectional: -prevalence study. -studying one point at time (If multiple points at time= longitudinal study). -example: interview or survey questions.
- 6. Case control: -focus on the case (disease, outcome). -control group. -Going to the past, to see the exposure (risk factors). -Example: exposure < ---------colon cancer
- 7. Cohort study: -Focus on the exposure (risk factors), i.e., what are the risk factors leading to colon cancer? Prospective cohort: looking to the future. Retrospective cohort: looking to the past.
- 8. f-Clinical trials (interventional or experimental) studies: RCTs VS non RCTs.
- 9. g-Articles review: Article review: means studying or collecting data from the already published studies. It has three types: traditional review, systematic review, and meta- analysis. Traditional review: no guidelines. Randomizing selection of studies about one topic to see the best available evidence.
- 10. Systematic review: following a specific guideline in patient or studies selection, example: PRISMA or Cochrane guidelines. PICO: P:patint. I: intervention. C: control. O: outcome. Example: Early VS late interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy after biliary pancreatitis and ERCP. O: Early Lap chole is better than late lap chole in patient who developed biliary pancreatitis and underwent ERCP.( no statistics= percentages or numbers).
- 11. Meta-analysis: is a systematic review, but in meta-analysis we are using strong statistics and homogeneous data (similar patient and similar type of studies). In simple words, meta-analysis is a systematic review with statistics. Note: PRISMA= preferred reporting in systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 12. h-Clinical guidelines: Usually related to specific instate: ACS, RCS, SAGES summarize the best (BUT NOT THE ONLY) available medical knowledge, and ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment and care. In simple words, clinical guidelines mean the best current evidence in clinical practice.
- 14. The format of research paper: The research paper to be accepted should be written in scientific format: IMRaD Abstract I= introduction M= method. R= result. D= discussion Conclusion References
- 15. What does each section mean? Abstract= the summary of the paper. Introduction= the research question or problem. Method= your way and tools to solve the problem or answer the question. Result= your findings. Discussion= explanation and interpretation of your findings (the meaning of your findings) Conclusion= the learned lesson/s. NOT summary. References= your data source.
- 16. Databases: (sources) PubMed (is the commonest). PubMed Central (PMC) EMBASE Cochrane Library UpToDate Google scholar MEDLINE Medscape
- 17. الطبي البحث برنامج البرنامج مكونات : 1 - الطبي البحث أساسيات , للدليل المستند والطب . 2 - الطبية البحوث كتابة طريقة العلمية والورقات . 3 - العلمية الكتابة أساسيات واألكاديمية . د . دناور نعمان عامة جراحة , مناظير جراحة دبلوم , الكلية زمالة للجراحين الملكية , والعربي السوري البورد , عدة طبية منشورات , النشر قبل الطبية لألبحاث مدقق الطبية العلوم مجلة في - كاليفورنيا . والتواصل لالستعالم : 0096653591247