Basics of robotics

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Fundamentals of Robotics
Mr.S.Baskaran
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechatronics
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
July 5, 2017

Objectives
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
Continuous Path Robo
Types of Robots based
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
2 / 20
■ Introduction to Robotics
■ History of robots
■ Why we need robots
■ Major difference between robots and machine
■ Automation Vs Robotics
■ Major parts of industrial robots
■ Types based on Movement
■ Types of robots based on application
■ Future of robotics

Introduction to Robotics
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
3 / 20
Definition:
“A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized
devices through variable programmed motions for the performance
of a variety of tasks.”
Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics: The Three Laws of
Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or known as
Asimov’s Laws) are a set of rules devised by the science fiction
author Isaac Asimov.
1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow
a human being to come to harm.
2.A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except
where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3.A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Laws

History of robot
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
4 / 20
• In 1941 and 1942, Isaac Asimov formulated the Three Laws of
Robotics, and in the process of doing so, coined the word
”robotics”.
• Takeo Kanade created the first ”direct drive arm” in 1981. The
first of its kind, the arm’s motors were contained within the robot
itself, eliminating long transmissions.
• In 1984 Wabot-2 was revealed; capable of playing the organ,
Wabot-2 had 10 fingers and two feet. Wabot-2 was able to read a
score of music and accompany a person
• In 1986, Honda began its humanoid research and development
program to create robots capable of interacting successfully with
humans
•A hexapodal robot named Genghis was revealed by MIT in 1989.

Why we need robots?
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
5 / 20
• The world needs robots for a countless number of reasons,
including hazardous jobs and automated manufacturing
• Robots work without breaks or the need to sleep or eat
• Robots also provide a level of precision that is unmatched by the
human hand, and one which is repeatable over indeﬁnite time
frames.
• These characteristics make them ideal for precision cutting,
welding and assembly processes.
• Medical robots are now so advanced that they are being employed
in brain, heart and eye surgeries

Major difference between robots and machine
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
6 / 20
1. Machine can be deﬁned as an apparatus used to perform a
particular task.
2. Most machines are not autonomous. Meaning they can’t take
decisions or they can’t be left without inspecting or assisting
them.
3. A Machine can be termed as a Robot, if it is autonomous and if
it agrees with the three laws stated by Isaac Asimov - Father of
Robotics
4. ”Some Machines are Robots,all Robots are Machines”

Automation Vs Robotics
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
7 / 20
Automation: – Machinery designed to carry out a speciﬁc task
• Bottling machine
• Dishwasher
• Paint sprayer
Robots – Machinery designed to carry out a variety of tasks
• Pick and place arms
• Mobile robots
• Computer Numerical Control machines

Major parts of industrial robots
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
8 / 20
Controller:The controller is the ”brain” of the industrial robotic
arm and allows the parts of the robot to operate together.
Base:A robot’s base is the platform for your scoring apparatus, it
can affect how the robot drives, scores, and moves about the ﬁeld.
links:The links are the rigid members connecting the joints. The
joints (also called axes) are the movable components of the robot
that cause relative motion between adjacent links.
Manipulator:A robot manipulator is an electronically controlled
mechanism, consisting of multiple segments, that performs tasks by
interacting with its environment.Manipulators are composed of an
assembly of links and joints
End effector:The end effector connects to the robot’s arm and
functions as a hand.Some variations of an effector are a gripper, a
vacuum pump, magnets, and welding torches

Major parts of industrial robots
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
9 / 20

Types based on Movement
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
10 / 20
• Pick and place Robo(Moves items between points )
• Continuous path control robo(Moves along a programmable path )
• Sensory Robo(Employs sensors for feedback)
Figure 1: Pick and place Robo

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
11 / 20
Figure 2: Continuous Path Robo

Types of Robots based on Application
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
12 / 20
Figure 3: Underwater Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
13 / 20
Figure 4: Medical Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
14 / 20
Figure 5: Space Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
15 / 20
Figure 6: Defence Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
16 / 20
Figure 7: Aerial Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
17 / 20
Figure 8: Agri Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
18 / 20
Figure 9: Biomemetic Robots

Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
19 / 20
Figure 10: Nano Robots

Future of Robotics
Objectives
Introduction to
Robotics
History of robot
Why we need robots?
Major difference
between robots and
machine
Automation Vs
Robotics
Major parts of
industrial robots
Major parts of
industrial robots
Types based on
Movement
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
on Application
Future of Robotics
20 / 20
■ By 2019, 30 percent of commercial service robotic applications
will be in the form of a robot-as-a-service (RaaS) business
model. This will help cut costs for robot deployment.
■ By 2020, robotics growth will accelerate the talent race, leaving
35 percent of robotics related jobs vacant, while the average
salary increases by at least 60 percent.
■ By
2020,
60 percent of robots will depend on cloud-based software to
deﬁne new skills, cognitive capabilities, and application
programs, leading to the formation of a robotics cloud
marketplace.
■ By 2019, 35 percent of leading organizations in logistics,
health, utilities, and resources will explore the use of robots to
automate operations.
Source:IDC Research Firm

Basics of robotics

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