Behaviour Driven Development con Behat & Drupal
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This document provides an overview of Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) using Behat and Drupal. It discusses what BDD is, the BDD workflow, how to write specification features and scenarios using Gherkin syntax, and how Behat reads Gherkin and runs tests through step definitions in context classes. It also covers how to integrate Behat and Drupal using the Drupal Extension, which provides pre-defined steps and contexts. The document demonstrates writing features and scenarios for downloading Drupal and provides examples of step keywords, results, and using Mink to control browser interactions without being concerned with the specific browser.
Behaviour Driven Development con Behat & Drupal
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- 2. BDD with Behat & Drupal Alessio Piazza Software Developer @SparkFabrik (twinbit + agavee) twitter: @alessiopiazza I do stuff with Drupal SPARKFABRIK
- 3. 3 • Behaviour Driven Development • a software development process that emerged from TDD (Test Driven Development) • Behaviour driven development specifies that tests of any unit of software should be specified in terms of the desired behaviour of the unit BDD SPARKFABRIK
- 4. WHY BDD? or TDD? • You must test your application • Save your self from regressions (fix one thing, break another one) • Save your self from misunderstanding between you and your client • Your tests become specification 4 SPARKFABRIK
- 5. BDD Workflow 1. Write a specification feature 2. Implement its test 3. Run test and watch it FAIL 4. Change your app to make test PASS 5. Run test and watch it PASS 6. Repat from 2-5 until all GREEN 5 SPARKFABRIK
- 6. BDD: HOW IT WORKS? 6
- 8. Write a specification feature 8 Feature: Download Drupal 8 In order to use Drupal 8 as a user i should be able to download it from drupal.org Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Given i am on the homepage When i Click “Download and Extend” Then I should see the link “Download Drupal 8.0.0” Scenario: … SPARKFABRIK
- 9. SCENARIO STRUCTURE 9 Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Given I am on drupal.org homepage When I Click “Download and Extend” Then I should see the link “Download Drupal 8.0.0” SPARKFABRIK
- 10. SCENARIO STRUCTURE 10 Given i am on drupal.org homepage And i Click “Download and Extend” Then I should see the link “Download Drupal 8.0.0” Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Keyword Description SPARKFABRIK
- 11. SCENARIO STRUCTURE 11 Given i am on drupal.org homepage And i Click “Download and Extend” Then I should see the link “Download Drupal 8.0.0” Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Keyword Description Steps Given I am on drupal.org homepage When I Click “Download and Extend” Then I should see the link “Download …” SPARKFABRIK
- 12. STEPS: Keywords 12 Given -> To put the system in a known state Given I am an anonymous user SPARKFABRIK
- 13. Given STEPS: Keywords 13 When -> To describe the key action to performs When I click on the link SPARKFABRIK
- 14. Given STEPS: Keywords 14 When Then -> To to observe outcomes Then I should see the text “Hello” SPARKFABRIK
- 15. Given STEPS: Keywords 15 When Then And / But -> To make our scenario more readable SPARKFABRIK
- 16. STEPS: Keywords 16 Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Given I am on drupal.org homepage Given I am an anonymous user When I Click “Download and Extend” When I Click “Download Drupal 8.0.0” Then I should see the link “Drupal Core 8.0.0” SPARKFABRIK
- 17. STEPS: Keywords 17 Scenario: Download Drupal 8 from Drupal.org Given I am on drupal.org homepage And I am an anonymous user When I Click “Download and Extend” And I Click “Download Drupal 8.0.0” Then I should see the link “Drupal Core 8.0.0” SPARKFABRIK
- 18. GHERKIN • It is a Business Readable, Domain Specific Language • Lets you describe software’s behaviour without detailing how that behaviour is implemented. • Gherkin is the language that BEHAT understands. 18 SPARKFABRIK
- 19. BEHAT docs.behat.org/en/v3.0/ Open source Behavior Driven Development framework for PHP (5.3+) Inspired from Cucumber (Ruby) www.cucumber.io From version 3 BEHAT it’s an official Cucumber implementation in PHP Let us write tests based on our scenarios 19 SPARKFABRIK
- 20. HOW BEHAT READS GHERKIN? 20 Given I am an anonymous user SPARKFABRIK
- 21. HOW BEHAT READS GHERKIN? 21 /** * @Given I am an anonymous user */ public function assertAnonymousUser() { // Verify the user is logged out. if ($this->loggedIn()) { $this->logout(); } } Given I am an anonymous user SPARKFABRIK
- 22. HOW BEHAT READS GHERKIN? 22 Then I should not see the text :text SPARKFABRIK
- 23. HOW BEHAT READS GHERKIN? 23 /** * @Then I should not see the text :text */ public function assertNotTextVisible($text) { // Use the Mink Extension step definition. $this->assertPageNotContainsText($text); } Then I should not see the text :text SPARKFABRIK
- 24. STEP RESULTS 24 /** * @Then I should not see the text :text */ public function assertNotTextVisible($text) { // This step will fail. throw new Exception(‘Test failed’); } • A step FAILS when an Exception is thrown SPARKFABRIK
- 25. STEP RESULTS 25 /** * @Then I will trigger a success */ public function triggerSuccess() { // This step will pass. print(‘Hello DrupalDay’); } • A step PASS when no Exception are raised SPARKFABRIK
- 26. OTHER STEP RESULTS 26 • SUCCESSFUL • FAILED • PENDING • UNDEFINED • SKIPPED • AMBIGUOUS • REDUNDANT SPARKFABRIK
- 27. WHERE ARE THESE STEPS? 27 • STEPS are defined inside plain PHP Object classes, called CONTEXTS • MinkContext and DrupalContext give use a lot of pre-defined steps ready to be used • Custom steps can be defined inside FeatureContext class SPARKFABRIK
- 28. Sum Up 28 Give use the syntax to write features and scenarios Our framework that reads our scenarios and run tests Classes containing our step definitions GHERKIN BEHAT CONTEXTS SPARKFABRIK
- 29. How we integrate Behat and Drupal? 29 Behat Drupal Extension An integration layer between Drupal and Behat https://www.drupal.org/project/drupalextension https://github.com/jhedstrom/drupalextension SPARKFABRIK
- 30. From your project root.. composer require drupal/drupal-extension 30 - Installing drupal/drupal-driver (v1.1.4) Downloading: 100% > DrupalCoreComposerComposer::vendorTestCodeCleanup - Installing symfony/filesystem (v3.0.0) Downloading: 100% > DrupalCoreComposerComposer::vendorTestCodeCleanup - Installing symfony/config (v2.8.0) Downloading: 100% > DrupalCoreComposerComposer::vendorTestCodeCleanup - Installing behat/transliterator (v1.1.0) Loading from cache … … > DrupalCoreComposerComposer::vendorTestCodeCleanup - Installing drupal/drupal-extension (v3.1.3) Downloading: 100% SPARKFABRIK
- 31. Create file behat.yml 31 1 default: 2 suites: 3 default: 4 contexts: 5 - FeatureContext 6 - DrupalDrupalExtensionContextDrupalContext 7 - DrupalDrupalExtensionContextMinkContext 8 extensions: 9 BehatMinkExtension: 10 goutte: ~ 11 base_url: http://d8.drupalday2015.sparkfabrik.loc # Replace with your site's URL 12 DrupalDrupalExtension: 13 blackbox: ~ see https://github.com/jhedstrom/drupalextension SPARKFABRIK
- 32. Then --init your test suite 32 vendor/bin/behat --init +d features - place your *.feature files here +d features/bootstrap - place your context classes here +f features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php - place your definitions, transformations and hooks here SPARKFABRIK
- 34. BROWSER INTERACTION • With BDD we write clear, understandable scenario • Our scenario often describe an interaction with the browser 34 WE NEED A BROWSER EMULATOR SPARKFABRIK
- 35. BROWSER EMULATORS • Headless browser emulators (Goutte) • Browser controllers (Selenium2, SAHI) • They do basically the same thing: control or emulate browsers but they do them in different ways • They comes with their pro and cons 35 SPARKFABRIK
- 36. MINK! http://mink.behat.org/en/latest/ • MINK removes API differences between different browser emulators • MINK provides different drivers for every browser emulator • MINK gives you an easy way to 1. control the browser 2. traverse pages 3. manipulate page elements 4. interact with page elements 36 SPARKFABRIK
- 37. 37 /** * @When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/ */ public function forward() { $this->getSession()->forward(); } MINK! http://mink.behat.org/en/latest/ When I move forward one page SPARKFABRIK
- 38. Wrap up 38 GHERKIN BEHAT CONTEXTS MINK Give use the syntax to write features and scenarios Our framework that reads our scenarios and run the tests Classes containing our step definitions Describe browser interaction without worrying about the browser SPARKFABRIK
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