The document discusses how REST works well for everyday problems but breaks down at scale for large social websites with rich APIs and low latency requirements. It introduces XMPP PubSub as an alternative to REST that may be better suited to building large, real-time data services by providing lower latency, flexibility for social network effects, and pub/sub capabilities beyond REST's request/response model. The authors are excited about XMPP PubSub but are not experts, and their specialty is constructing big social sites rather than instant messaging or chat applications.