Big Data in a Digital City. Key Insights from the Smart City Case Study
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This document discusses the role of big data in smart cities, focusing on the interactions between citizens, businesses, and urban infrastructure. It highlights challenges in data collection, privacy concerns, and the need for open platforms to facilitate data sharing among stakeholders. The key findings emphasize the necessity of addressing societal, legal, and political implications while harnessing big data for enhanced urban management and services.
Big Data in a Digital City. Key Insights from the Smart City Case Study
- 1. Big Data in a Digital City Key Insights from the Smart City Case Study Sonja Zillner , Sebnem Rusitschka Siemens AG
- 2. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Overview Focus, Approach and Results • Macro-view of the creation of value from potentially massive amounts of urban data • that emerges through the digitalized interaction of a city’s users, • i.e. of citizens and businesses, with the urban infrastructure of resources such as energy and transportation, social and administrative services, etc. Focus of the Case Study 1. Desktop Research 2. Focus group consisting of stakeholders from the “city,” “mobility” industry, “energy” industry, city “technology solution providers”, as well as EU BYTE researchers 3. Interviews complemented the focus group, and enabled us to clear follow-up questions or collect alternative and/or more detailed perspectives. The interviewees were selected based on their field of work or study and their seniority. Our Approach and Methodology • General overview on the current state of big data in smart cities by examining data sources, data uses and flow as well as discussing technical challenges • Identifying positive and negative societal externalities Results
- 3. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Data Sources 1. Mobility Data (violet) 2. Energy Data (green) 3. Environmental / Geo Data (orange) 4. Operational and Process data (blue) • “Traditionally, like many other sectors, cities haven been managing only the necessary data – not all the data” • Digitalisation is seen as main driver for the creation of big data sources • A digitalized city encompasses a myriad of existing and potential new data sources, such as sensors Various Origins of Data More & More Data gets collected
- 4. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Data Usage is facing technical challenges 12= de Montjoye et al. (2013): "Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility". • The way how data is being collected and stored massively influences how easily it can shared • The majority of data generated remains in silos or old storage technologies or is not collected at high-resolution Existing means of data collection and storage hinder the seamless exchange 1 • Data needs to be anonymized sufficiently • Data Privacy is seen as challenging task: “Only four spatio-temporal points, approximate places and times, are enough to uniquely identify 95% of 1.5M people in a mobility database. The study further states that these constraints hold even when the resolution of the dataset is low, mobility datasets and metadata circumvent anonymity.”12 Privacy and security concerns need to be addressed2
- 5. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Understanding the Data Flow allows to identify critical driver for smart city ecosystem • to overcome established data silos • establishing the basis for the intermediation between its users, the citizen and its partners, the resources Cities require means for data sharing and exchange (e.g. data platform) • Investment Dilemma: who pays? who operates? • Willingness to share data: who participates? Challenge: How to kick start? • All stakeholder groups highlighted that they could immediately benefit from integrated mobility data • All stakeholder indicated their willingness to share mobility data if this can ensures that the overall traffic problems can be improved • Given the situation that mobility becomes increasingly electrified, energy data will follow to become a data source of high relevance for this ecosystem • However, for all these data flow scenarios modern platform techniques are required Critical Driver for smart city ecosystem: Integrating mobility data
- 6. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Economic externalities (excerpt) • Investment dilemma in digital cities • high ROI is not possible by scaling • A single city represent s a rather limited market opportunity • As basis for data sharing across stakeholder, common platforms are needed • city’s complexity makes the kick-start of a platform initiative difficult Key findings • Open source and open platforms are seen as promising for future data sharing • Investments by the public sector into the data infrastructure and the subsequent opening of this infrastructure as a utility / commodity Recommendation
- 7. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Social and ethical externalities (excerpt) • Immense potential of big data for social goods • Privacy and Security concerns need to be addressed • A debate on how to assure „enough“ equality as not all citizen will reap value from data in equal amounts is required • The society in general needs to address the questions: What will men do when machines learn simple tasks? Key findings
- 8. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Legal externalities (excerpt) • New sources of data create new ways that data can be misused. • The legal framework needs an update with the core principal of putting the individual first • The penalties of data misuse needs to be so high that they will prevent misuse Key findings
- 9. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Political externalities (excerpt) • Big data business can weaken European economy, if big data monopoly of companies like Google, Amazon, etc. remains. • Harmonization of legal framework across the European market is required for scaling up big data businesses Key findings
- 10. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Thank you for your attention! Any Questions? Dr. Sonja Zillner Email: sonja.zillner@siemens.com
- 11. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Focus Group of the Smart City Case Study Smart City Stakeholders Company Position Relevant Topics Jaakko Salavuo City of Helsinki Head of Comms & IT Information & Communication Technologies in the City Bart Rosseau (repr. Gino Vertriest) City of Ghent E-Strategy Open Data Dave Carter University of Manchester Honorary Research Fellow Chair, European Connected Smart Cities Network | Centre for Urban Policy Studies André Dias CEIIA Portugal Head of Intelligent Systems Advanced smart mobility concepts: the mobi.me cloud platform; S3C, an infrastructure for monitoring smart cities. Lean Doody (repr. Nicola Walt) Arup Associate Director of Consulting Smart City Best Practices, Technology Solutions Jean Dulac IEA Energy Analyst from Energy Demand Technology Unit Urban planning and development policy, with an emphasis on transport and building technologies. Peter Bjørn Larsen CLEAN Smart City Manager Smart City Hub Ajit Joakar Future Text Innovation - Digital convergence – Mobile Web 2.0 IoT, Machine Learning, Cities Francisco Rincón Siemens Corporate Development Sustainable Cities Smart City Best Practices, Technology Solutions Benjami Kott EnergyDeck CEO Energy platforms for tracking & benchmarking at community level Prof. Hans Uszkoreit DFKI Chair Artificial Intelligence „A Legal Framework for the Virtual World” Jamie Cudden City of Dublin Smart City Coordinator Dublink:d Big Data Open Data Platform Sonja Zillner Siemens Senior Key Expert Semantics Big Data Value Association, cPPP Mihai Sercaianu Make Better GIS Analyst Data availability, open data and citizen engagement
- 12. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Smart City Focus Group Workshop
- 13. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Cartography of Big Data Value in Digital Cities Through group discussions and break-out sessions with interdisciplinary experts as a focus group
- 14. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Workshop Analysis Preview End user need of time- & resource-efficient mobility may well be the spark that brings all other relevant data and stakeholders together
- 15. @BYTE_EU www.byte-project.eu Interview Partner Organization Industry sector Technology adoption stage Position on data value chain Impact of IT in industry European City Public Sector Early majority Acquisition Analysis Curation Storage Usage Strategic mode Technology Provider Start-up, Energy Early adopter Acquisition Analysis Storage Usage Turnaround mode Technology Provider Non-profit, Mobility Early majority Acquisition Analysis Storage Usage Turnaround mode Technology Provider & Research Multinational, Smart City Early majority Acquisition Analysis Storage Usage Strategic mode
Editor's Notes
- #2: Abstract: The smart city case study focused on the macro-view for the big data value from potentially massive amounts of urban data that emerges through the digitalized interaction of a city’s users, i.e. of citizens and businesses, with the urban infrastructure of resources such as energy and transportation, social and administrative services, etc. Based on a general overview on the current state of big data in smart cities by examining data sources, data uses and flows as we as the main technological challenges, we will introduce and discuss the identified positive and negative externalities for fostering big data application in the city.