Bioinformatics applications and challenges

This document discusses bioinformatics, including its applications and challenges. It begins by explaining the language of DNA as a four-letter alphabet (A, C, G, T). It then discusses biological databases that store genomic and protein sequence data. Several important bioinformatics tools are also summarized, such as those used for sequence alignment, gene prediction, protein structure analysis, and phylogeny reconstruction. The document goes on to explain areas of bioinformatics like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. It concludes by acknowledging some of the challenges in bioinformatics like processing vast amounts of genetic data accurately and developing new predictive computational models.