Bioterrorism
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This document provides information about bioterrorism, including: - Defining bioterrorism as the deliberate release of biological agents to cause illness or death. - Discussing the history of bioterrorism dating back to ancient times and examples from the 20th-21st centuries. - Categorizing biological agents into 3 categories based on their ability to threaten public health and safety.
Bioterrorism
- 1. In the name of Allah the most merciful and the most beneficent
- 2. Course Title: Diversity of Monera Course Code: BOT-301
- 6. Have you ever noticed this Sign
- 10. Terrorists may use biological agents because they can be extremely difficult to detect and do not cause illness for several hours to several days. Some bioterrorism agents, like the smallpox virus, can be spread from person to person and some, like anthrax, can not.
- 12. HISTORY Early use Biological terrorism dates as far back as Ancient Rome , when feces were thrown into faces of enemies.This early version of biological terrorism continued on into the 14th century where the bubonic plague was used to infiltrate enemy cities,both by instilling the fear of infection in residences, in hopes that they would evacuate, and also to destroy defending forces that would not yield to the attack. The use of disease as a weapon in this stage of history exhibited a lack of control aggressors had over their own biological weapons. Primitive medical technology provided limited means of protection for the aggressor and a battle's surrounding geographical regions.
- 13. After the battle was won, the inability to contain enemies who escaped death led to widespread epidemics affecting not only the enemy forces, but also surrounding regions' inhabitants. Due to the use of these biological weapons, and the apparent lack of medical advancement necessary to defend surrounding regions from them, widespread epidemics such as the bubonic plaguequickly moved across all of Europe, destroying a large portion of its population.
- 17. st 21 Century 2001 USA Anthrax attack In September and October 2001, several cases of anthrax broke out in the United States in the 2001 anthrax attacks, caused deliberately. Letters laced with infectious anthrax were delivered to news media offices and the U.S Congress. The letters killed 5. Tests on the anthrax strain used in the attack pointed to a domestic source, possibly from the biological weapons program. Still the attacks provoked efforts to define biodefense and biosecurity , where more limited definitions of biosafety had focused on unintentional or accidental impacts of agricultural and medical technologies
- 18. Types of Agents Under current United States law , bioagents which have been declared by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or the U.S. Department of Agriculture to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety" are officially defined as " select agents ". The CDC categorizes these agents (A, B or C) and administers the Select Agent Program , which regulates the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States.
- 28. H1N1
- 32. PREPAREDNESS Biological agents are relatively easy to obtain by terrorists and are becoming more threatening in the U.S., and laboratories are working on advanced detection systems to provide early warning, identify contaminated areas and populations at risk, and to facilitate prompt treatment. ●
- 36. BIOSURVEILLANCE In 1999, the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Biomedical Informatics deployed the first automated bioterrorism detection system, called RODS (RealTime Outbreak Disease Surveillance) .RODS is designed to draw collect data from many data sources and use them to perform signal detection, that is, to detect a possible bioterrorism event at the earliest possible moment. RODS, and other systems like it, collect data from sources including clinic data,laboratory data, and data from overthecounter drug sales.a subcontractor, conceived the idea of obtaining live data feeds from "nontraditional" (nonhealthcare) data sources. The RODS laboratory's first efforts eventually led to the establishment of the National Retail Data Monitor, a system which collects data from 20,000 retail locations nationwide
- 38. Response to Bioterrotism Incident or Threat Government agencies which would be called on to respond to a bioterrorism incident would include law enforcement, hazardous materials or decontamination units and emergency medical units. The US military has specialized units, which can respond to a bioterrorism event; among them are the US Marine Crop's Chemical Biological Incidence Response Force and the US army's 20th Supprot Command(CBRNE), which can detect, identify and neutralize threats and decontaminate victims exposed to bioterror agents.
- 39. In Pakistan no proper vaccination is available......Recently many children nearly 210 has died due to Measles in Karachi. Govt. should take major steps against such diseases that spread out in our country. Because nothing is precious than Health......!!!
- 41. This is Black Biology This is Black Biology