Bluetooth paper presentation ieee

Bluetooth Technology
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Abstract--There are different ways that
electronic devices can connect to each other. For
example: Component cables, Electrical wires,
Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi, Infrared signals. A
Bluetooth connection is wireless and automatic,
and it has a number of features that can help us
in daily life. Bluetooth is a well-known, shortrange technology for Wireless Personal Area
Networks (WPAN). Created by telecom vendor
Ericsson in 1994. It was named after the Harald
Bluetooth, king of Denmark and Norway in late
900’s. Bluetooth networking transmits data by
low-power radio waves. It communicates on a
frequency between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz, to
be exact. Bluetooth uses a radio technology
called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. The
transmitted data is divided into packets and
each packet is transmitted on one of the 79
individual, randomly chosen frequencies within
a designated range. In the case of Bluetooth, the
transmitters change frequencies 1,600 times
every second, meaning that more devices can
make full use of a limited slice of the radio
spectrum. Bluetooth is a packet-based protocol
with a master slave structure. A master
Bluetooth device can communicate with a
maximum of seven devices in a piconet . The
devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the
slave can become the master. When Bluetoothcapable devices come within range of one
another, an electronic conversation takes place
to determine whether they have share data or
whether one needs to control the other.
Bluetooth systems create a personal-area
network (PAN), or piconet. Service-level
security and device-level security work together
to protect Bluetooth devices from unauthorized
data transmission. Blue jacking, Blue bugging
and Car Whisperer are the main security issues.
Bluetooth 1.0 has a maximum transfer speed of
1Mbps, while Bluetooth 2.0 can has data rate up
to 3Mbps and version3.0 has up to 24Mbps.
keywords--piconet, Frequency hopping spread
system.

I.

INTRODUCTION

This world is made up of cables, cables and lots of
cables. Let it be current wires, TV wires ,or cables
connecting various electronic devices such as
computers connected to keyboard, mouse, printer,
phone(USB) etc. Cables have become the bane of
many offices, homes etc. That is where the
Bluetooth technology aims at – a cable replacement
technology . There are many cable replacement
technologies now such as Wi-Fi, Infrared signals,
Gi-Fi, NFC etc. Bluetooth technology is wireless
and automatic, and it has a number of interesting
features that can help us in many ways. The big
draws of Bluetooth are that it is wireless,
inexpensive and automatic. Bluetooth was named
after the king Harald Bluetooth. Harald Bluetooth
was the king of Denmark in the late 900s. He
managed to unite Denmark and part of Norway into
a single kingdom then introduced Christianity into
Denmark. The idea of this name was proposed in
1997 by Jim Kardach who developed a system that
would allow mobile phones to communicate with
computers (at the time he was reading Frans
Gunnar Bengtsson's historical novel The Long
Ships about Vikings and king Harald Bluetooth).
The Bluetooth logo is a bind rune merging the
Younger Futhark runes (Hagall) (ᚼ Bjarkan (ᚼ
),
),
Harald's initial.
One of
the most significant recent developments in
wireless technologies is the emergence of Wireless
personal area networking (WPAN). Developed in
1998, WPAN is based on a new technology called
Bluetooth, which uses short-range radio frequencies
to transmit both voice and data. This technology
wirelessly and transparently synchronizes data
across devices and creates access to networks and
the Internet within a range of ten meters. The shortrange networks Bluetooth enables are called
Personal Area Networks (PANs) or piconets.
Bluetooth is more able to move from frequency to
frequency, making it better able to handle
interference than competing protocols .
II.

HOW BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
WORKS

The
technology of Bluetooth centres around 9mm x
9mm microchip, which functions as a low cost and

short range radio link. Bluetooth Technology
provides a 10 meter personal bubble that support
simultaneous transmission of both voice and data
for multiple devices. Up to 7 devices can be
connected in a piconet, and up to 10 piconets can
exist within the 10 meter bubble. In Bluetooth the
transceiver transmits and receives in a previously
unused frequency band of 2.45 GHz that is
available globally. Each device has a unique 48-bit
address from the IEEE 802 standard. Connections
can be point-to-point or multipoint. The maximum
range is 10-100 meters. Data can be exchanged at a
rate of 1 megabit per second.
Bluetoot
h can connect up to eight devices simultaneously.
With all of those devices in the same 10meterradius, there might be any problem like
they'd interfere with one another, but it's unlikely.
Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum
frequency hopping that makes it rare for more than
one device to be transmitting on the same
frequency at the same time. In this technique, a
device will use 79 individual, randomly chosen
frequencies within a designated range, changing
from one to another on a regular basis. In the case
of Bluetooth, the transmitters change frequencies
1,600 times every second. Since every Bluetooth
transmitter uses spread-spectrum transmitting
automatically, it’s unlikely that two transmitters
will be on the same frequency at the same time.
This same technique minimizes the risk that
portable phones or baby monitors will disrupt
Bluetooth devices, since any interference on a
particular frequency will last only a tiny fraction of
a second.
When
Bluetooth-capable devices come within range of
one another, an electronic conversation takes place
to determine whether they have data to share or
whether one needs to control the other. Once the
conversation has occurred, the devices -whether
they're part of a computer system or a stereo - form
a network. Bluetooth systems create a personal-area
network (PAN). Once a piconet is established, the
members randomly hop frequencies in unison so
they stay in touch with one another and avoid other
piconets that may be operating in the same room.

III.

BLUETOOTH NETOWRK TOPOLOGY

There are
3 types of connections in Bluetooth, as shown
below: Either Single-slave or Multi-slave (up to 7
"slaves" on one master) or Scatter net. Multiple
Bluetooth units form a Wireless Personal Area
Network, piconet. A piconet consists of one hub
device and up to seven client devices. It is possible

to support more devices in a piconet by placing one
or more of the clients into what is referred to as
park mode. In order to exchange information with
the parked client, the hub must take it out of parked
mode and return it to active mode. Only seven
clients can be in active mode at any given time.
When two piconets are in close proximity, they
have overlapping coverage areas - a scenario
referred to as a scatter net Clients in one piconet
can participate in another piconet as either a hub or
client. This is accomplished through time division
on multiplexing. In a scatter net, the two(or more)
piconets are not synchronized in either time or
frequency. Each of the piconets operates in its own
frequency-hopping channel, while any devices in
multiple piconets participate at the appropriate time
via time division multiplexing.

IV.

POWER MODES

Bluetoot
h provides for three low power modes to conserve
battery life: sniff mode, hold mode, and park mode.
While in the sniff mode, a device listens to the
piconet at a reduced rate. The sniff interval is
programmable, providing flexibility for different
applications. In hold mode, only an internal timer is
running, and data transfer restarts when units
transition out of the hold mode. Park mode is used
to handle more than seven clients - since only seven
clients can be "active" at any time, one client can be
"parked" and another one activated.
V.

BLUETOOTH SECURITY

By
default, most Bluetooth devices operate in
unprotected "non-secure" mode. Security is
provided in three ways: through pseudo-random
frequency band hops, authentication, and
encryption.
When link security is enabled, Bluetooth devices
must complete an initial "bonding" exchange to
derive pair wise link authentication and encryption
keys. The user must give both devices the same
PIN code, which is then mixed with a factorydefined unit key. Bluetooth offers several other
security modes, and device manufacturers
determine which mode to include in a Bluetoothenabled gadget. In almost all cases, Bluetooth users
can establish "trusted devices" that can exchange
data without asking permission. When any other
device tries to establish a connection to the user's
gadget, the user has to decide to allow it. Servicelevel security and device-level security work
together to protect Bluetooth devices from
unauthorized data transmission. Security methods

include authorization and identification procedures
that limit the use of Bluetooth services to the
registered user and require that users make a
conscious decision to open a file or accept a data
transfer. As long as these measures are enabled on
the user's phone or other device, unauthorized
access is unlikely. A user can also simply switch
his Bluetooth mode to "non-discoverable" and
avoid connecting with other Bluetooth devices
entirely.
VI.
APPLICATIONS
Hands free devices, music players,
car-driving system to ensure safety,
Wireless connection of input/output
devices like key-board, Monitor,
mouse, Printer etc with PC.
Wireless internet access using
Bluetooth Dongle.
Smart sensor devices, In medical,
sports field.
In Gaming consoles. i.e. PSPs.
VII.

CONCLUSION

Despite some of the problems, Bluetooth remains a
very promising technology, with plenty of medium
and long term applications. Bluetooth is a
continually expanding technology. There are plans
to add many new application profiles. With over
15000 companies working on Bluetooth, the future
is very bright. With a strong special interest group
behind Bluetooth, the standardization of the
application profiles is almost assured. Bluetooth is
simply the best!!
VIII.

REFERENCES

[1] The
official
Bluetooth
site:
http://www.bluetooth.com
[2] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluet
ooth.htm
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

Bluetooth paper presentation ieee

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Bluetooth paper presentation ieee