Bluetooth® Serial Port Micro Module
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The document summarizes the features and operation of the LMX9830 Bluetooth module. It discusses how the module provides a complete Bluetooth solution including the lower and upper protocol stacks. It also describes the module's configuration options, low power modes, command interface, and connection capabilities including point-to-point and point-to-multipoint. Evaluation kits are available to help developers test and integrate the module.
Bluetooth® Serial Port Micro Module
- 1. Bluetooth ® Serial Port Micro Module Source: National Semiconductor
- 2. Introduction Purpose This training module is to introduce the LMX9830 Blutooth ® module. Outline The features of the LMX9830 module The operation of the LMX9830 module Usage Scenarios Content 19 pages
- 3. Bluetooth Wireless Technology A short-range communication system is intended to replace the cable connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices. The key features are robustness, low power, and low cost. The Bluetooth system consists of An RF transceiver Baseband controller Protocol stack The Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The Bluetooth core system covers the four lowest layers and associated protocols. The Bluetooth can support up to 3 Mbps transfer speed.
- 4. Simply Blue Family Simply Blue products are designed to greatly simplify the design of Bluetooth wireless systems. Simply Blue can be used to exchange information between a wide range of computer and communication systems. Each module in the Simply Blue family includes: a complete embedded Bluetooth protocol stack application specific profiles a high-level command interpreter
- 5. Overview of LMX9830 The LMX9830 is a highly integrated Bluetooth 2.0 baseband controller. It provides a complete solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper layers of the Bluetooth stack. Key features: Easy to use high level command set – for fast application integration Configurable UART speed up to 921.6 kbps Very high data throughput over SPP Point-to-multipoint piconet support Output power Class 2 Receiver sensitivity – 81 dBm Low power consumption
- 6. LMX9830 Device Bluetooth Address Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) Structure. The LMX9830 is ROM-based, therefore cannot be preprogrammed with a BD_ADDR. The BD_ADDR is preloaded in an EEPROM or downloaded by the host application. Example
- 8. Baseband and Link Manager Bluetooth Lower Link Controller Adaptive Frequency Hopping Interlaced Scanning Fast Connect Support for 1, 3, and 5 slot packet types 79 Channel hop frequency generation circuitry Fast frequency hopping at 1600 hops per second Power management control Access code correlation and slot timing recovery Bluetooth Upper Layer Stack includes L2CAP, RFComm, and SDP. The SPI and Access bus (I 2 C) are used to connect an external EEPROM.
- 9. UART Transport Port The UART interface consists of Receive (RX) Transmit (TX) Ready-to Send (RTS) Clear-to-Send The UART interface supports formats of 8-bit data with one or two stop bits. UART Operation Mode
- 10. Audio Port Audio data to be transported over the Bluetooth link will be handled through the Advanced Audio Interface (AAI), without any interaction required from the host. The audio interface supports PCM master or slave operation. Master operation is used with typical codecs Slave operation allows the flexible combination with DSPs or other host controllers. LMX9830
- 11. Digital Smart Radio Receiver Front-End Low-noise Amplifier & two mixers: receives signal from Antenna and delivers balanced IQ signals to BPF. Poly-Phase Bandpass Filter: rejects noise and spurious interference Hard-Limiter and RSSI: measures and control the level of the RF input signal Receiver Back-End Frequency Discriminator: generates phase-shifted signal from I- an Q-path Post-Detection Filter and Equalizer: helps for attenuating the first adjacent channel signal & improves the eye-opening for 101010 patterns Autotuning Circuitry: is used for tuning the bandpass filter, the detector, the post-detection filter, the equalizer, and the transmit filters for process and temperature variations. Synthesizer Phase-Frequency Detector: responds only to transitions Transmitter Circuitry IQ-DA Converters and TX Mixers
- 12. Operation Modes Automatic Operation The module is connectable and discoverable and automatically answers to service requests. Non-Automatic Operation The LMX9830 does not check the default connections section within the Data RAM. Transparent Mode The LMX9830 supports transparent data communication from the UART interface to a bluetooth link. Force Master Mode After successful link establishment the LMX9830 will be Master and available for additional incoming links.
- 13. Low Power Mode UART transport layer By default, UART transport layer is enabled on device power up. The host is able to switch off the transport layer in order to reduce power consumption. Waking up the transport layer can be done from either the Host or the LMX9830. Bluetooth Baseband activity Active Link(s): Bluetooth radio and baseband handling active link Page/Inquiry Scanning: scanning, discoverable/connectable for other devices No Radio activity: no active link and scanning switched off
- 14. Command Interface Command Package Format Command Set Configure device Set up and handle links
- 18. Evaluation Kits The kits includes LMX9830 Bluetooth serial adapter reference board Bluetooth USB Dongle and application software stack (another device to connect to) Null modem cable Audio codec Board - Sedona Lite board 110V to 240V AC to 5V DC power adapter and pigtail CDROM with design documents and Simply Blue software Application tools. (Simply Blue Commander and Simply Blue Smart
- 19. Additional Resource For ordering the LMX9830 module, please click the part list or Call our sales hotline For additional inquires contact our technical service hotline For more product information go to http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LMX9830.html Newark Farnell
Editor's Notes
- #3: Welcome to the training module on National Semiconductor Bluetooth ® Serial Port Micro Module. This training module is to introduce the LMX9830 Blutooth ® module.
- #4: Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmissions over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices, creating wireless personal area networks (PANs). The intent behind the development of Bluetooth was the creation of a single digital wireless protocol, capable of replacing the cable connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices. The Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The core system consists of an RF transceiver, baseband, and protocol stack. The Bluetooth core system covers the four lowest layers and associated protocols.
- #5: National Semiconductor is making Bluetooth® technology easier to adopt than ever before. Each module in the Simply Blue family includes a complete embedded Bluetooth protocol stack, application-specific profiles, and a high-level command interpreter. The high-level command set effectively removes the need for Bluetooth expertise. Moreover, as the entire Bluetooth Stack and Profiles run in the module (not on the host processor), the host processor task loading for Bluetooth is rendered negligible and porting Bluetooth technology to proprietary host operating systems is no longer required.
- #6: The LMX9830 integrates a Bluetooth CMOS radio transceiver that delivers the highest level of RF integration available today and a Bluetooth baseband controller with cost efficient ROM memory. All hardware and firmware is included to provide a complete solution from antenna through the complete lower and upper layers of the Bluetooth stack, up to the application including the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).
- #7: Each Bluetooth device requires a unique 48-bit address known as the Bluetooth Device Address or BD_ADDR. The device- specific BD_ADDR plays a central role in the Bluetooth system, such as seeding algorithms required to implement the core functionality. It is used during physical connection establishment (paging) and discovery (inquiry).
- #8: Here shows a general block diagram of the LM9830. The next few pages will introduce some of functional block in detail.
- #9: Baseband and Lower Link control functions are implemented using a combination of National’s CompactRISC 16-bit processor and the Bluetooth Lower Link Controller. The on-chip application of the LMX9830 allows full standalone operation, without any Bluetooth protocol layer necessary outside the module. It supports the Generic Access Profile (GAP), the Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP), and the Serial Port Profile (SPP). The module supports automatic slave operation eliminating the need for an external control unit. The device uses a pin to block unallowed connections. Acting as master, the application offers a simple but versatile command interface for standard Bluetooth operation like inquiry, service discovery, or serial port connection.
- #10: The LMX9830 provides one Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). The UART interface consists out of Receive (RX), Transmit (TX), Ready-to-Send (RTS) and Clear-to-Send signals. RTS and CTS are used for hardware handshaking between the host and the LMX9830. The UART baudrate is configured during startup by setting option pins OP3, OP4 and OP5 for reference clock and baudrate.
- #11: The LMX9830 can be used to transport control data required for additional profiles on the host. With this it is possible to use the device for audio profiles like Headset Profile (HSP) or Handsfree Profile (HFP). The Advanced Audio Interface (AAI) is an advanced version of the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) that provides a full duplex communications port to a variety of industry-standard 13/14/15/16-bit linear or 8-bit log PCM codecs, DSPs, and other serial audio devices. The interface allows the support one codec or interface.
- #12: The integrated Digital Smart Radio utilizes a heterodyne receiver architecture with a low intermediate frequency (2 MHz) such that the intermediate frequency filters can be integrated on chip. The receiver consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) followed by two mixers. The intermediate frequency signal processing blocks consist of a poly-phase bandpass filter (BPF), two hard-limiters (LIM), a frequency discriminator (DET), and a post-detection filter (PDF). The received signal level is detected by a received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The transmitter utilizes IQ-modulation with bit-stream data that is gaussian filtered. Other blocks included in the transmitter are a VCO buffer and a power amplifier (PA).
- #13: The LMX9830 has an internal data area in RAM that includes the necessary operation parameters. After boot or reset, the module starts to check for different operation modes. The Automatic operation flag is checked after Reset/Boot-up and on incoming links. According to this flag, the firmware will initiate steps to automatically answer to service requests. In Non-Automatic Operation, the LMX9830 does not check the default connections section within the Data RAM. If connected by another device, it will not switch to transparent mode and continue to interpret data sent on the UART. The module provides transparent data communication from the UART interface to a bluetooth link. In normal operation, the LMX9830 will be a slave for any incoming link. But in Force Master mode, the LMX3980 tries to act like an Access point for multiple connections.
- #14: The LMX9830 supports different Low Power Modes to reduce power in different operating situations. The modular structure of the LMX9830 allows the firmware to power down unused modules. The low power modes have influence on UART transport layer an Bluetooth baseband activity. In certain usage scenarios the host is able to switch off the transport layer of the LMX9830 in order to reduce power consumption. Afterwards both devices, host and LMX9830 are able to shut down their UART interfaces.
- #15: The LMX9830 offers Bluetooth functionality in either a self contained slave functionality or over a simple command interface. The interface is listening on the UART interface. The commands have to be sent within a special package format. The LMX9830 implements a complete command set for bluetooth operation and local configuration. The command set is based on a request/confirm scheme meaning any command will be confirmed by an appropriate event including the same opcode.
- #16: Here is an example of point-to-point connection. The LMX9830 acts as slave and no further configuration is required. The SPP conformance of the LMX9830 allows any device using the SPP to connect to the LMX9830. Because of switching to transparent automatically, the controller has no need for an additional protocol layer; data is sent raw to the other Bluetooth device.
- #17: In this example, the LMX9830 modules are at both sides. Here the device #1 controls the link setup with a few commands. After establishing the SPP link and step 5 is executed, the stored default device is connected after reset (automatic mode only) or by sending the command “connect to the default device”.
- #18: In this application, the LMX9830 (Serial Device #1) acts as master for several slaves. Serial Devices #2 and #3 establish the link automatically as soon as they are contacted by another device. No controller interaction is necessary for setting up the Bluetooth link. Both switch automatically into Transparent mode. The host sends raw data over the UART. As the host has to decide to or from which device data is coming from, data must be sent using the “Send data command”. If the device receives data from the other devices, it is packaged into an event called “Incoming data event”. The event includes the device related port number.
- #19: The LMX9830 Bluetooth® serial dongle reference kit is a plug and play serial adapter for serial cable replacement applications and more. It is able to support more profiles than just the Serial Port Profile (including audio support with external codec boards). By using enclosed Simply Blue Commander software, it allows user to develop their own SW applications easily given the built in interpreter for HEX commands. SBsmart is a higher level application tool that provides buttons with the built in commands to easily set up or demonstrate different profile support using the Simply Blue SPP package.
- #20: Thank you for taking the time to view this presentation on Bluetooth ® Serial Port Micro Module . If you would like to learn more or go on to purchase some of these devices, you may either click on the part list link, or simply call our sales hotline. For more technical information you may either visit the National Semiconductor site – link shown – or if you would prefer to speak to someone live, please call our hotline number, or even use our ‘live chat’ online facility.