brain gate system
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Brain Gate is a neuroprosthetic device developed by Cyberkinetics that uses a silicon chip implanted in the motor cortex to detect brain signals and transmit them via fiber optic cables to an external computer. The computer translates the brain signals into movement commands using decoding software. Research at Brown University has shown the Brain Gate device allows paralyzed individuals to control external devices with their thoughts. While promising, the Brain Gate technology still has limitations including low information transfer rates, difficulty adapting to devices, and high costs. Further research aims to improve the safety, accuracy and robustness of brain-computer interface sensors.
brain gate system
- 1. BRAIN GATE Presented By: Manpreet Singh 187/2011
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction History Brain gate pilot device Underlying principle Components Working Transmission of information Software Research in human Advantages Limitation Future scope References Conclusion
- 3. INTRODUCTION What is Brain Gate Technology? Brain gate is a neuroprosthetic device that converts brain activity into computer commands. This system is designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury.
- 4. DEVELOPMENT Company and Scientist: Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
- 6. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE The brain is hardwired with connections, which are made by billions of neurons that make electrical signals whenever they are stimulated ”The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural Interface System is that with intact brain function, neural signals are generated even though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs”
- 7. The components in this system • The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement • The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull
- 8. Continued… • The converter: The signal travels to a shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on the user’s wheelchair, where it’s converted to optical data and bounced by fiber-optic cable to a computer. • The computer: The computer translates brain activity and creates the communication output using custom decoding software
- 9. WORKING The Brain Gate neural interface device is a brain-computer interface that consist of an Inter neural signal sensor and External Processors. The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100 microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell electrical activity. The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in the motor cortex area that controls movement Motor Cortex Area(controls Movement)
- 10. WORKING(cont.) • External Processors convert neural signals into an output signal under the users own control. • The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding software.
- 12. HOW INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED? • When a work is done through any part of body then a potential difference is created in the brain. • This potential difference is captured by the electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic to the Digitizer(external processor). • The digitizer converts the signal into some 0’s and 1’s and that is feed into the computer.
- 13. • Thus a new path for propagation of brain commands from the brain to the computer via Brain Gate are created. • Now when external devices are connected to the computer work according to the thought produced in the brain.
- 14. Software behind Brain Gate… The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding software. System uses translation algorithms written in 1) C++ 2) JAVA 3) MATLAB
- 15. Brain Gate Research in Human Mathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-computer interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis… A boon to the paralyzed
- 16. ADVANTAGES
- 17. Limitations… At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain signals. It is very expensive. Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min. Difficulty in adaptation and learning
- 19. References • Sixto Ortiz Jr., "Brain-Computer Interfaces: Where Human and Machine Meet," Computer, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 17-21, Jan., 2007 • F. Babiloni, A. Cichocki, and S. Gao, eds., special issue, “Brain- Computer Interfaces: Towards Practical Implementations and Potential Applications,” ComputationalIntelligence and Neuroscience, 2007 • P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue, “Brain Computer Interfaces,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,Jan. 2008 • The MIT Press – “Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing” • Wikipedia, HowStuffWorks and various other website sources…