Brain- Learning Points
- 1. Organization of Brain Learning Points – 1. Forebrain : Cerebrum , Hypothalamus & Thalamus. 2. Midbrain : Tectum and Tegmentum. 3. Hindbrain : Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata , Pons. Presented by Mr. Gaurav Pandey
- 4. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is composed of two hemispheres that are joined together by heavy, dense bands of fibre called the corpus callosum. The cerebrum is further divided into four sections or lobes: Frontal lobe: It is associated with parts of speech, planning, reasoning, problem-solving and movements. Parietal lobe: Help in movements, the perception of stimuli and orientation. Occipital lobe: It is related to visual processing. Temporal lobe: This region is related to perception and recognition of memory, auditory stimuli, and speech. Cerebrum
- 5. Cerebrum Function i. Thinking, ii. Intelligence iii. Consciousness and memory. iv. It is also responsible for interpreting touch, hearing and vision.
- 7. The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain, located in the posterior portion of the medulla and pons. The cerebellum and cerebrum are separated by tentorium cerebelli and transverse fissure. Cortex is the outer surface of the cerebellum, and its parallel ridges are called the foila. The cerebellum consists of two hemispheres, the outer grey cortex and the inner white medulla. It is mainly responsible for coordinating and maintaining the body balance during walking, running, riding, swimming, and precision control of the voluntary movements. The main functions of the cerebellum include:
- 8. Cerebellum is associated with regulation and coordination. i. It senses equilibrium. ii. Transfers information. iii. Coordinates eye movement. iv. it enables precision control of the voluntary body movements. v. Predicts the future position of the body during a particular movement. .
- 10. The brain stem controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy. The brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- 12. The hypothalamus is a small and essential part of the brain, located precisely below the thalamus and has following functions: Receives impulses. Regulates body temperature Controls the mood and emotions Controls the sense of taste and smell Synthesises the body’s essential hormones Coordinates the messages from the autonomous nervous system Controls appetite, peristalsis, the rate of heartbeat, and blood pressure Forms an axis with the pituitary gland which is the main link between the nervous and the endocrine systems
- 14. The thalamus is a small structure within the brain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain and has extensive nerve connections to both. The main function of the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.
- 15. Besides the medulla oblongata, your brainstem also has a structure called the pons. The pons is a major structure in the upper part of your brainstem. It is involved in the control of breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance. PONS
- 16. Exercise for you all 1. What is Tectum and Tegmentum and associated with which part of the brain ? 2. The brain is enclosed within the skull, where it is suspended in a layer of fluid, what is that fluid ? 3. What is the mystery of Pineal Gland? 4. As we grow older, does our brain become smaller ?