Building Construction 8. formworks and scaffoldings
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This document provides information about formwork, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It defines each construction technique and describes the typical components and uses. Formwork supports wet concrete until it cures and is used for foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams, and stairs. Scaffolding provides temporary work platforms at different heights using standards, ledgers, and boards. Shoring supports unsafe structures using horizontal, vertical, or inclined bracing. Underpinning strengthens foundations by installing supports beneath them.
Building Construction 8. formworks and scaffoldings
- 1. International Burch university Course : Building Construction Technology I Architecture department Date : xx / xx / xxxx Sarajevo Building Construction Technology I Professor : Prof.dr.Nerman Rustempasic Assistant : M.Sc. Ahmed El Sayed
- 2. For the different construction activities like Brick work above 5 ft Surface finishing works like plastering, painting, walling etc. Renovation, repair and alteration works. Roof and slab pouring Some temporary nature supports and structures are required like Formwork (Supporting Structure) Scaf foldings (arrangement for working plate forms) Shoring (supporting method for unsafe structure) Underpinning (Method of strengthening an existing structure’s footing)
- 3. Definitions Its is an artificial support provided below and around the precast or cast insitue concrete work
- 4. Definition Qualities of formwork Types of formwork Formwork detail for different structural members Removal of formwork Maintenance of formwork Cost of formwork Advantages of steel form work
- 5. Its is an artificial support provided below and around the precast or cast insitue concrete work. Formwork is commonly made of Steel wood Formwork construction & casting is of prime importance in concrete industry. It share a significant amount of concrete cost.
- 6. It should be water tight It should be strong It can be reusable Its contact surface should be uniform It should be according to the size of member.
- 7. Formwork are mainly of two types Steel formwork Wooden formwork Steel formwork is made of steel sheets Angle Iron Tee Iron Wooden formwork consists of Props Planks battens Ledgers sheeting
- 8. In concrete construction formwork is commonly provided for the following structural members. Foundations Wall Column Slabs & beams Stairs
- 9. Wall foundations It consists of Plywood Sheeting Struts
- 10. Column Foundations It consists of Side Supports Side Planks Cleats Cleats Side Support Side Planks
- 11. Vertical Posts It consists of Timber sheeting Vertical posts Struts Horizontal members Rackers Stakes Wedges Af ter completing one side of formwork reinforcement is provided at the place then the second side formwork is provided.
- 12. It consists of the following Side & End Planks Yoke Nut & Bolts Two end & two side planks are joined by the yokes and bolts.
- 15. It consists of Sole plates Wedges Props Head tree Planks Batten Ledgers Beam formwork rests on head tree Slab form work rests on battens and joists If prop height are more than 8’ provide horizontal braces.
- 17. It consists of Riser Planks Vertical & inclined posts Inclined members Wooden Planks or sheeting Stringer Riser Planks
- 19. Time of formwork removal depends on the following factors 2. Type of Cement • Rapid hardening cements require lesser time as compared to OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) 3. Ratio of concrete mix • Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as compared to weak ratio concrete. 4. Weather condition 1. Hydration process accelerates in hot weather conditions as compared to cold and humid weather conditions.
- 20. Sr. OPC Rapid No (Ordinary Portland Hardening Structural Member Cement) Cement 1 Beam sides, walls & Columns 2-3 Days 2 Days 2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 4 Days 3 Days 3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 10 Days 5 Days 4 Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Props 8 Days 5 Days remains intact) 5 Beams & Arches (Complete 14 Days 5-8 Days formwork removal) (up to 6 m span) 6 Beams & Arches (Complete 21 Days 8-10 Days formwork removal) (more than 6 m span)
- 21. Due to continuous use wooden planks & steel plates surfaces become uneven and require maintenance. For wooden formwork use cardboard or plastic fiber board. Bolt hole places must also be repaired. For steel formwork plates must be leveled by mallet and loose corners must be welded.
- 22. For normal works cost of formwork is about 30%-40% of the concrete cost. For special works cost of formwork is about 50%-60% of the concrete cost. Formwork cost is controlled by the following factors Formwork Material cost Formwork erecting cost Formwork removal cost Formwork jointing cost (Nails and Cables) Labor charges.
- 23. It can be used for a no. of times. It is non absorbent. Smooth finish surface obtained. No shrinkage of formwork occurs. Easy to use. Its volume is less Its strength is more.
- 24. Definitions It’s a temporary structure to provide a platform at different levels of a building for workers and Materials.
- 25. Following are the types of scaffolds 1. Single Scaffolds 2. Double Scaffolds 3. Ladder Scaffolds 4. Cantilever Scaffolds 5. Suspended Scaffolds 6. Steel or Tubular Scaffolds
- 26. Scaffold It is the temporary support system provided for the construction & maintenance purposes. It consists of supports and a working platform for workers and Materials. Scaffolding Method of construction of scaffolds is called scaffolding.
- 27. It consists of Standards (v posts) (10 cm) Putlogs (7.5 x 7.5) Ledgers ( 1.2 m Wooden boards Braces Used for ordinary buildings
- 29. It consists of Two rows of standards. 15 cm, 1.5 m Shores are provided. Used for superior works
- 31. It consists of Brackets for Plate form.
- 32. It consists of Cantilever Struts Standards Putlogs Plate forms It is used above ground level
- 33. It consists of Ropes Working platforms Ropes can be raised Manually or mechanically Used for light construction and finishing works of multistory buildings.
- 34. It consists of Steel tubes (1-1/2” – 2-1/2” diameter) Coupler or Clamps (to hold pipes in different positions) Prop nuts (to hold single pipes) Bolts, Nuts & washers Wedge & Clip
- 37. Double Coupler It joins ledgers and standards. Swivel Coupler Composed of two single couplers and used to join two scaffolds at any angle. Putlog Coupler Used to join putlogs with transom. Base Plate Used at the base of the standards. Split joint Pin It’s a connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes. Reveal Pin It fit in to the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut. Putlog end A flat plate used at the end of a scaffold to convert it in to a putlog.
- 42. http://www.advancescaffold.com/international-st
- 43. Definitions It is the method of providing temporary support (shores) to an unsafe structure.
- 44. Definition Itis the method of providing temporary support (shores) to an unsafe structure. Types of Shoring Horizontal shoring or flying shoring Vertical shoring or dead shoring Inclined Shoring or flying shoring
- 45. It consists of Horizontal beam or strut Wall plates Cleats Straining beams Used to support two adjacent buildings.
- 48. It consists of Dead shores Sole plates Needles Props Used for rebuilding of walls.
- 50. It consists of Rackers Needles Cleats Braces Sole plate Used to strengthen a wall.