Basic Scaffolding Awareness

INTRODUCTION
INTRUDUCED YOURSELF

PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR MOBILE
PHONE OR TURN IN SILENT MODE

COURSE CONTENT
1. WHAT IS A SCAFFOLD?
2. TYPES OF SCAFFOLD
3. SCAFFOLDING MATERIALS
4. SCAFFOLDER TOOLS
5. SAFETY HARNESS
6. SCAFFTAG
7. SAFE ERETION AND DISMANTLING SEQUENCE

PRACTICAL
- SAFE ERECTION AND DISMANTLE OF A SCAFFOLD
- SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION
- SCAFF TAG AND SIGNAGES INSTALLATION

WHAT IS A SCAFFOLD?
- Scaffold means an temporary provided structure on or from which building
workers perform work in connection with building or other construction work.
SCAFFOLDING
- a temporary structure used to support people and material in the
construction or repair of buildings and other large structures.

TYPES OF SCAFFOLD
1. INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD
- An independent scaffold consists of a double row of standards, with each row parallel
to the building. The inner row is set as close to the building as is practicable. The
distance between the lines of standards should be the minimum necessary to
accommodate the required number of boards and toe boards.

2. PUTLOG SCAFFOLD
- A putlog scaffold consists of a single row of standards, parallel to the face of the
building and set as far away from it as is necessary to accommodate a platform of
four or five boards wide, with the inner edge of the platform as close to the wall as is
practicable.

3. BIRD CAGE TOWER SCAFFOLD
- A birdcage scaffold consists of a mass of standards arranged at regular intervals in
parallel lines, usually evenly spaced apart. These standards are laced together with a
grid of ledgers and transoms at every lift height. The top lift is boarded to form the
access platform for work on ceilings and soffits, e.g. fix lighting, ventilation or sprinklers
over an inside area.

4. ROOF SADDLE AND STACK SCAFFOLD
ROOF SADDLE
- Generally agreed to mean the foundation for a scaffold erected on a pitched
roof, when chimneys are to be repairs. Roof saddles are generally erected when minor
repairs are made, e.g. replacing chimney pots, or re - pointing etc.
- A safe means of access or egress must always be provided, and this will usually
comprise an access tower with walkway onto scaffold.
STACK SCAFFOLD
• This type of scaffold, because of the position of the chimney, requires an access
scaffold.
• Roof stacks are erected where more substantial repairs are required i.e.
demonstration and/or rebuilding of chimney in situation where the stack is in such
a position as to make the erection of a saddle scaffold impracticable.

5. SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD
• Suspended scaffolds are often used to provide access and working
platforms in the
construction, alteration, inspection, repair, refurbishment and
maintenance of high rise buildings, industrial plant, bridges and
other large structures.

SCAFFOLDING MATERIALS

LEDGER /
GUARDRAIL /
BOARDS / PLANKS MIDRAIL
SCAFFOLDING BASE / TOEBOARDS / SOLE
PLATE PLATES

DIFFERENT SIZES OF
STANDARDS
SHANKS

RIGHT ANGLE COUPLER
SWIVEL COUPLER
STAGE BRACKETS FOR
[TOE BOARDS] STAIRCASE COUPLER

EXTERNAL SLEEVES
COUPLER INTERNAL SLEEVES
COUPLER [JOINT PIN]

TRANSOM GRINDER COUPLER
SUPPPORT CLAMP

JACKS

PUTLOG COUPLERS FENCING COUPLER

1. BASE PLATE / JACKS - to safely carry and spread the load. A metal plate
with a spigot for distributing the load from a standard or raker or other
load-bearing tube. An adjustable base plate is a metal base plate
embodying a screw jack.
2. TRANSOM - to produce a rigid unit that speeds scaffold erection
significantly resulting in large savings on labour costs. A lube or beam
spanning across ledgers to form the support for boards forming the
working platform or to connect the outer standards to the inner standards
(see Putlog).
3. (a) BOARDS / PLANKS - to carry and / or use as a working platform.
(b) SOLE PLATES - A timber, concrete or metal bearer used to distribute the
load from a standard or base plate to the ground.
4. (a) LEDGER - The assembly of ledgers and putlogs forming each
horizontal level of a scaffold. The lift height is the vertical distance
between two lifts, measured centre to centre.
(b)GUARDRAILS - A rail or barrier secured to standards or upright
members, and erected along the exposed sides and ends of working
platforms to prevent persons from falling. A lower rail which is fixed to
standards midway between the guardrail and platform is termed a mid
rail.

5. BRACES - A member placed diagonally with respect to the vertical or
horizontal members of a scaffold and fixed to them to afford stability.
6. STANDARD - An upright member used for transmitting the weight of the
load from the working platforms to the base of the scaffolding.
7. COUPLERS - A fitting used to fix scaffold tubes together.
 Right-angle coupler: A coupler used to join tubes at right angles.
 Swivel coupler: A coupler for joining tubes at an angle other than a
right angle.
8. LADDER - a portable appliance consisting of two stiles joined by steps or
rungs and designed for the purpose of climbing and descending.
9. SIGNAGES - use when erection, alteration and dismantling of scaffolding
structure to avoid unathorised personnel climb and / or use the scaffold.
10. SCAFFTAGS SYSTEM - The scafftag system has been developed to ensure
the health and safety of all personnel using the scaffolding erected and
dismantled by Central Scaffolding and Rigging Services.

SCAFFOLDER TOOLS
SPANNER SPANNER - The handle SIGNAGES – To avoid
of scaffold spanners unauthorised personnel
should be not less than climb and / or use the
200mm nor more than scaffold.
250mm long. PODGER HAMMER – Podger
FULL BODY hammers with a loose head or
PROTECTION a hairline crack at the
(SAFETY juncture between the head
HARNESS) – and the shaft should be
do not stop replaced.
people SCAFFOLDERS BELT – To
falling, but to avoid tools feel from heights
mitigate the and from being lost / missing
while working.
potential
injuries if they LEVELS – are
SPIRIT
do. used to check that ADJUSTABLE
scaffolding members WRENCH – (shifter
are horizontal or or shifting
plumb. equipment) is
normally used where
an obstruction makes
the use of a scaffold
spanner impossible.

SAFETY HARNESS
A safety harness is a form of protective equipment designed to protect a person,
animal, or object from injury or damage. The harness is an attachment between a
stationary and non-stationary object and is usually fabricated from rope, cable or
webbing and locking hardware.

HOW TO PUT SAFETY HARNESS
1. Release All Buckles: The first thing you want do is release all of the buckles. Nothing
makes it harder to see how a fall protection harness should go on when half of the
buckles are buckled and the rest are swaying in the wind. So, release of the buckle,
it’ll save you a ton of confusion shortly.
2. Hold By Dorsal D-Ring: Next grab the dorsal d-ring on your harness. This would be
the giant ring that looks like… well the letter “D.” This is what will eventually go on
your back and attach to your lanyard or SRL. Anyway, grab the dorsal d-ring and
shake the harness. All of the straps and buckles should untangle and hang down.
This makes it easier to see the structure of the harness, and that saves headaches, just
like Bayer Aspirin.

3. Slide Into Shoulder Straps: After you’ve shaken the harness from the dorsal d-ring you
should be able to see the shoulder straps branching off. All you need to do is slide into
those, almost like putting on a jacket. Once the shoulder straps are over your shoulder
make sure that there are no tangles in the webbing from the d-ring. These tangles
could cause serious problems later, so make sure the straps are laying flat. Now would
also be the time to make sure that your dorsal d-ring is centered on your upper back
across your shoulder blades.
4. Attach Leg Straps: Once the harness is resting on your shoulders like the weight of the
world, reach between your legs…. (We are on a slippery slope here…) You want to
grab your leg straps and buckle them. They should start in the back go through your
legs and attach somewhere by your hips, roughly. This can depend on how girlish your
figure is. Again, as with the shoulder straps you want to make sure there are no
tangles in the webbing. This is not an area of the body you want getting pinched.
Also, if you have a waste buckle or belt, now would be the time to connect it.
5. Connect the Chest Buckle: Now you’ll work your way up your smokin’ hot body and
connect the chest buckle. This buckle ironically should lay across your chest, no matter
how big your moobs might be. And that’s about it for this step. Again make sure the
strap lays flat and isn’t tangled. If you your chest buckle is tangled, you may be
mentally challenged and probably shouldn’t be working in construction.

6. Tighten Straps and Secure Connections: The final step is fairly simple, make sure that
all of the straps are sung and that all of your connections are secure. How tight?
Well, the standard text book answer is as tight as you can without restricting
movement, but remember it’s a harness and it’s supposed to be tight. This isn’t like a
pair of pants that you can wear a little baggy because it’s more comfortable. It’s
possible to slip out of your harness if it’s not tight enough. You’ll also want to make
sure that all of the extra webbing from the buckle site are tucked into keepers or
behind the strap. The last thing you need is a material appendage waiting to catch
on something and cause you to trip.

SCAFFTAGS
- a specific card holder and card, that, when fixed to a scaffold, identifies the status
of the scaffold, details with respect to its use and inspection details.

Note::
- Scafftags are to be signed / inspected either by
the scaffold supervisor / inspector and / or a
competent person(s).
- Scaffold must be checked every 1 week (7
days), then update the scaff tag as possible.

SAFE ERECTION AND DISMANTLING SEQUENCE

Note:: In erecting the
second level of the
scaffold, Access / egress
ladder must be installed
first before climbing

Note:: In dismantling the
scaffold, same procedure
as erecting but access /
egress ladder will be the
last priority.

INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD

BIRD CAGE / TOWER
SCAFFOLD

Basic Scaffolding Awareness

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