Building Construction Project 2 Report
- 1. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 1 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 Project 2: Construction Activities and Process AIMI RUZANNA BINTI DATUADZMAN 0306177
- 2. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 2 WEEK 1 ConstructionActivity : Site Clearance Duration: 6 Days Materials:Steel Fencing Equipment: Excavator, BumpTruck, Dozer, SurveyEquipment
- 3. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 3 SkilledWorker: 5 General Workers,2 Truck/DozerOperators Technical Information: Contractor needsto establishthe site boundary due tothe commencementof the site clearing Contractor shall produce asafety signboardtonotifyandalertthe publicaboutthe constructionworksconducted Contractorsshall alsosubmittheirproposed dumpingsite forapproval due tosite clearingto the superintendingofficer WEEK 2 ConstructionActivity : Excavationand Earth Works Duration: 6 Days Materials:Natural Soil
- 4. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 4 Equipment:Excavator,Pay loader,Six Wheel Truck,BobCat,Shovel,MeterTape,Rollers,Dump Truck, Backhoes SkilledWorker: 5 General Workers,TruckDriver,ExcavatorOperator,Contractor Technical Information: • Before beginningthe site clearingwork,the areatobe excavatedshall be properly markedand cleared. • The surveyorneedtoperiodicallycheckthe depthof excavation toavoidover excavation WEEK 3 ConstructionActivity: Pile boringandreinforcementinstallation Duration: 7 days Materials:Steel Bore,Reinforcementbar,bar bender Equipment:Rebar Bendingmachine,BoringMachine SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,BoringMachine Operator,BarBendingMachine Technical Information: • Surveyandrecord the existinggroundlevelateachpile location. • Setout the pile locationinaccordance withthe Engineer’sworkingdrawingsusinga theodolitewiththe accuracyrequiredinthe specifications. • All settingoutshouldrefertothe reference pointsandthe relatedContractDrawings.
- 5. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 5 WEEK 4 ConstructionActivity : Pile boringandreinforcementinstallation Duration: 6 days Materials:Steel Bore,Reinforcementbar,bar bender Equipment:Rebar Bendingmachine,BoringMachine SkilledWorker: 5 General Workers,BoringMachine Operator,BarBendingMachine Technical Information: The locationof the centerof each boredpile willbe setoutbyreference tothe workingdrawings and the site boundarymarkers.The shaftwill be excavatedwithinaheavytemporarysteel casing withan outside diameterof 1.5m.The casingiscomposedof sectionsof 6 to 8m single lengthswith 50mm wall thickness.Thereisaspecial cuttingshoe atthe toe of the casingfor the bottomsection. The casing sectionisconnectedtogetherusingspecial casingjoints.The casingwill be drivenusing hydrauliccasingoscillatorconnectedtoa crawler crane. Aftersetting-upthe casingoscillatoroverthe pilinglocation,the firstsectionof the casingwill be insertedintothe oscillatoranditspositionandverticallyshall be checkedpriortocommencing excavationandregularityduringconstruction.The pile shaftexcavationwillbe carriedoutusinga single orhammergrab supportedfroma crawlercrane.The casing will be advancedbymeansof the hydrauliccasingoscillatorandthe toe of the temporarycasingwill be keptinfrontof the excavated level. The water level withinthe pile shaftwillbe maintainedatorabove the surroundinggroundwater level toensure thatthere isnodifferential headencouragingpipingof the soil atthe base of the excavation.
- 6. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 6 WEEK 5 ConstructionActivity : Pile Filling Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete Equipment:Concrete mixer,Concrete dispenser,Concrete vibrator SkilledWorker:4 General Workers Technical Information: Concretingtothe pile will be carriedoutunderwaterbytremie techniquesmaintainingthe water headinside the casingator above existinggroundwaterlevel atall times. 6.5.2 The workabilityof the concrete will be testedbyslumptestsonsamplestaken fromeachbatch.A setof two cubeswill be made for each 25m3 of concrete fortestingat28 daysas specifiedinthe particularspecifications.
- 7. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 7 WEEK 6 ConstructionActivity : Pile Capconstruction Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,Reinforcement,Timberformwork Equipment:Bar BendingMachine,Saw,VibratingMachine,Concrete Mixer SkilledWorker:3 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: • Formworkiserectedaccordingto the design • Fix pile capreinforcementinthe framework • Applysufficientvibration
- 8. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 8 • Pile capsdistributesthe loadfromthe above structure evenlythroughtothe piles below. WEEK 7 ConstructionActivity 1 : Pile Capconstruction Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,Reinforcement,Timberformwork Equipment:Bar BendingMachine,Saw,VibratingMachine,Concrete Mixer SkilledWorker:3 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: • Formworkiserected accordingto the design • Fix pile capreinforcementinthe framework • Applysufficientvibration
- 9. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 9 • Pile capsdistributesthe loadfromthe above structure evenlythroughtothe pilesbelow. ConstructionActivity 2 : Stumpon Pile Cap Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,Reinforcement,Timberformwork Equipment:Bar BendingMachine,Saw,VibratingMachine SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: • To realignthe level of the substructure toensure the groundfloorand corresponding floorsare leve WEEK 8 ConstructionActivity 1 : Ground BeamConstruction Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcements,timberformworks Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:3 General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information : Afterconstructingthe foundation,the groundbeamwill fill upthe excavatedareawithearth. A groundbeamnormallyshouldconsistof reinforcements,concrete andlinkers. The reinforcements can be placedatcenterof that beam. The sizesof mainreinforcementplayimportantrole in determine the strengthof abeam. Ground beamusuallydoes nothave secondarybeam, onlyhasprimarybeam. The groundbeam constructionwill be startedafteracolumnstumphas finish.Afterthe columnstumphasingrainedin foundationandhascorpulentonlevel aswanted.
- 10. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 10 ConstructionActivity 2 : Stumpon Pile Cap(Gridd-i) Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,Reinforcement,Timberformwork Equipment:Bar BendingMachine,Saw,VibratingMachine SkilledWorker:3 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: To realignthe level of the substructure toensure the groundfloorand correspondingfloorsare level WEEK 9 ConstructionActivity: Ground BeamConstruction Duration: 7 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcements,timberformworks Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:3General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Beam frameworkwill putandpointedstake setinthe groundwithtidysothatlooktoughand strength.Strengthof frameworkisimportanttoensure thatframeworknotexpandwhenaconcrete will instill.If frameworknotgood,itwill give aproblemandthe constructionworkhave muchtime.
- 11. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 11 Afterthat,linkconcrete islainouton groundsurface intothe framework.The reinforcements will be puttedwithspacerblockonbelow andbeside reinforcement.Purposethatputtedthe spacer blockisto protect the reinforcementforavoidfromrust. WEEK 10 ConstructionActivity: Ground FloorSlabConstruction Duration: 7 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcementbars,timberformworks,DampProof Membrane (DPM),Rigid FloorInsulation Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information:
- 12. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 12 Firstcondition- isbuiltwhenthe groundisgoodenoughtocarry the loadfrom the building.Inthis condition,the slabisdesignedtocarry the loadof the buildingwiththe helpfromthe ground support. Secondcondition- isbuildingwhenthe groundisnotgoodenoughtocarry the loadfrom the building.Inthiscondition,the slabisdesignjustlikethe floorof upperfloorthatcancarry the load withoutthe helpfromthe groundsupport.Inthiscase,more costis needed. Functionof groundslab • To supportcolumnand stump • To receive the loadfromthe building • To reduce the pressure onthe columnand stump • The main base of constructionto ensure that the constructionwill done well • Make iteasierforfloorfinishes WEEK 11 ConstructionActivity: Ground FloorSlabConstruction Duration: 7 day Materials:Concrete,reinforcementbars,timberformworks,DampProof Membrane (DPM),Rigid FloorInsulation Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information:
- 13. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 13 • Have the slabreinforcingtiedintothe foundationwallreinforcing. • Incorporate a damp-proof membrane (DPM) underthe concrete slab. • Damp proofingof newconcrete slabsisbestcarriedoutas for a standard house • slab,withthe polyethylene DPMor proprietaryconcrete underlaylaidoversand blinding(nominal minimumthicknessof 5mm or a maximum.thicknessof 25mm) before the slabislaid. • Jointsshouldbe tapedandthe DPM protectedfromdamage duringthe placingof reinforcingandconcreting. • Have the finishedfloorlevelatleast100 mm above the highestadjacentgroundlevel. • Have concrete well vibratedandfree of voidsandcavities,asthese are potentialweak spotswhenthe floorisloaded. • Have a minimumslabthicknessof 100 mm. • Be laidovera minimumof 75 mm thick(maximumpermitted600 mm) well compacted hard fill.Whenover150 mm thick,compact in150 mm maximumlayersusinga vibratingplate compactor. WEEK 12 ConstructionActivity: Ground FloorColumns(grida-c) Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information:
- 14. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 14 • Layingcementconcrete infoundation • Placingsteel barnetinfootingasper designandalsoplacingvertical barsof columninfootingon the steel barnet as perdesign. • Layingformworkin footing. • Layingcementconcrete 1: 2:4 or 1:1-1/2:3 infootingupto requiredheightasperdesign. • Curingworkand refillingof eartharoundfooting WEEK 13 ConstructionActivity: Ground FloorColumns Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Afterthe constructionof footingandpedestal the constructionof columnisstarted.The processof constructionisfollowing.
- 15. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 15 • Tie upall ringsaroundand intovertical steel barsaccordingtodesign. •Fix formwork of requiredsize withvertical steelbars. • Lay cementconcrete informworkaccordingto design. • Take propercuringof RCC column WEEK 14 ConstructionActivity: FirstFloorBeam Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator, Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: The firstflooris supportedbythe foundation. –Completionof the lowerfloor(usuallyjustafterthe Concretingwhichwascarriedouton the day before) Removingof the wall formpanel andlifttothe upperfloorforerection. Innerwall panel erectedwithreinforcingbarbeingfixed.
- 16. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 16 Completionof the wall formworkandthe reinforcement(includinginspectionof the reinforcing bars)Erectionof the floorformworkincludingthe proppingandjoistgridframe (alsothe beam formworkif there isbeamsinthe structural design) Completionof the floorreinforcement.Final re-adjustandsecure the wall andfloorformworkready for the concretion. The completedwall andfloorformworkwiththe floorreinforcementbeingfixed.Workstodo before concretingare: Final inspectionof the steelfixing, checkthe shape,level,verticality,andalignmentof all the formworkelements, checkwhetherthe conditionof formworkisfirmandsecure enoughtowithstandthe concretingprocess, provide andinstall the equipmentreadyforthe carryingout of concretingworks. WEEK 15 ConstructionActivity: FirstFloorSlab Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork,DPM
- 17. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 17 Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: The slab iscast integrally withthe beamswhichprovide supportintwodirection.Beamsare supportedoninnerleaf of cavitywall.Closure blockbedded. Twobeamsgroutedtogetherto supportblockpartition. Beamisadjacenttosupportwall and groutedsolid.CoursingSlipwithblock out frombeamintoadjacent supportwall beddedoncoursingslip. Closure Blockoninternal support. Sharedbearingoninternal supportwall lessthan200mmthick. WEEK 16 ConstructionActivity: First FloorColumns Duration: 5 days
- 18. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 18 Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Structural columnsare builtto bearthe load fromsuperstructure above and transferit downwardsintofoundation. The processof constructionisfollowing: • Tie upall ringsaroundand intovertical steel barsaccordingtodesign. • Fix formworkof requiredsize withvertical steel bars. • Lay cementconcrete informworkaccordingto design. • Take propercuringof RCC column WEEK 17 ConstructionActivity: First FloorColumns Duration: 5 days
- 19. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 19 Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Structural columnsare builtto bearthe load fromsuperstructure above and transferit downwardsintofoundation The processof constructionisfollowing. • Tie upall ringsaroundand intovertical steel barsaccordingtodesign. • Fix formworkof requiredsize withvertical steel bars. • Lay cementconcrete informworkaccordingto design. • Take propercuringof RCC column WEEK 18 ConstructionActivity: FirstFloorBeam Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Superstructure columnsare connecttogetherviabeams, theyresistapplied loadswitha rebar fromthe columns. • Completionof the lowerfloor(usuallyjustafterthe
- 20. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 20 • Concretingwhichwascarriedouton the day before) Removingof the wall formpanel and lifttothe upperfloorfor erection. • Innerwall panel erectedwithreinforcingbarbeingfixed. • Completionof the wall formworkandthe reinforcement(includinginspectionof the reinforcingbars) • Erectionof the floorformworkincludingthe proppingandjoistgridframe (alsothe beamformworkif there isbeamsinthe structural design) • Completionof the floorreinforcement.Final re-adjustandsecure the wall andfloor formworkreadyforthe concretion. • The completedwall andfloorformworkwiththe floorreinforcementbeingfixed.Works to do before concretingare: - Final inspectionof the steelfixing, - checkthe shape,level,verticality,andalignmentof all the formworkelements, - checkwhetherthe conditionof formworkisfirmandsecure enoughtowithstand the concretingprocess, - provide andinstall the equipmentreadyforthe carryingout of concretingworks. WEEK 19 ConstructionActivity: SecondFloorSlab Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork,DPM Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer
- 21. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 21 SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: The slab iscast integrally withthe beamswhichprovide supportintwodirection • Have the slabreinforcingtiedintothe foundationwallreinforcing. • Incorporate a damp-proof membrane (DPM) underthe concrete slab. • Damp proofingof newconcrete slabsisbestcarriedoutas for a standard house • slab,withthe polyethylene DPMor proprietaryconcrete underlaylaidoversand blinding(nominal minimumthicknessof 5mm or a maximum.thicknessof 25mm) before the slabislaid. • Jointsshouldbe tapedandthe DPM protectedfromdamage duringthe placingof reinforcingandconcreting. • Have the finishedfloorlevelatleast100 mm above the highestadjacentgroundlevel. • Have concrete well vibratedandfree of voidsandcavities,asthese are potentialweak spotswhenthe floorisloaded. • Have a minimumslabthickness of 100 mm. • Be laidovera minimumof 75 mm thick(maximumpermitted600 mm) well compacted hard fill.Whenover150 mm thick,compact in150 mm maximumlayersusinga vibratingplate compactor. WEEK 20 ConstructionActivity: Second FloorColumns(grida-c) Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork
- 22. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 22 Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Structural columnsare builttobear the loadfromsuperstructure above and transferit downwardsintofoundation The processof constructionisfollowing: • Tie upall ringsaroundand intovertical steel barsaccordingtodesign. • Fix formworkof requiredsize withvertical steel bars. • Lay cementconcrete informworkaccordingto design. • Take propercuringof RCC column WEEK 21 ConstructionActivity: Second FloorColumns Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer
- 23. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 23 SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Structural columnsare builtto bearthe load fromsuperstructure above and transferit downwardsintofoundation WEEK 22 ConstructionActivity : Ground FloorStairs Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer
- 24. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 24 SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: Stairsconnectindividual floorstogetherbymeansof a seriesof incremental stepsthatallow a humanto graduallyclimb.The stairsisbuiltfroma starterbox,whichisa seriesof starterbars protrudingfromthe groundfloorslab.Thentimberformworkis make at the desiredpitch.The tread(depth) andriser(height) iscarefullymade toa uniformspecifications.The half turnstairsturns 180 degreesthrough tworightanglesatan interveninglanding.Thisspace floorspace onthe relevantfloorplans. WEEK 23 ConstructionActivity 1: FirstFloorStairs Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:5 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters
- 25. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 25 Technical Information: Stairsconnectindividual floorstogetherbymeansof a seriesof incremental stepsthatallow a humanto graduallyclimb.The stairsisbuiltfroma starterbox,whichisa seriesof starterbars protrudingfromthe groundfloorslab.Thentimberformworkis make at the desiredpitch.The tread(depth) andriser(height) iscarefullymade toa uniformspecifications.The half turnstairsturns 180 degreesthrough tworightanglesatan interveninglanding.Thisspace floorspace onthe relevantfloorplans. WEEK 24 ConstructionActivity : Ground FloorWall Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters Technical Information: A wall constructionprocessforbuildingawall comprisingthe stepsof: a) providingaconcrete footinghavingapluralityof vertical dowelseachextendingupwardly therefromtoa pointpasta top of the wall to be constructed;
- 26. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 26 b) Constructinga reinforcingscreenbyattachingscreenreinforcingbarstoandacross said plurality of vertical dowelsandprovidingapluralityof spacers; c) Placingsaidpluralityof spacersadjacenttosaidreinforcingscreeninamannersuchthat said spacersdefine aplane againstwhichasubstantiallyplanarsurface maybe positioned; d) Providingapluralityof sheetsof afoam insulatingmaterial havingafirstand secondsubstantially planarsurface; e) Positioningone of saidfirstandsecondsurfacesagainstsaidspacers; f) Providingapluralityof sheetsof sheet-formlathe; g) positioningsaidpluralityof sheetsof sheet-formlathe againstsaidremainingfirstandsecond surfacesof saidfoam insulationthatare notagainstsaidspacers; h) fasteningsaidpluralityof sheetsof sheet-formlathe,saidpluralityof sheetsof foaminsulation material,saidspacers,andsaidreinforcingscreentogetherinamannersuchthat each sheetof said pluralityof sheetsof foaminsulationmaterial isincontactwithat leastone spacer;and j) Blowinga blownconcrete mixtureagainstsaidpluralityof sheetsof foaminsulationmaterial from a directionwhereinsaidreinforcingscreenispositionedbetweensaidpluralityof sheetsof foam insulationmaterial andsaidnozzle fromwhichsaidblownconcrete isdischarged. WEEK 25
- 27. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 27 ConstructionActivity : Ground FloorWall & FirstFloorWall Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters WEEK 26
- 28. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 28 ConstructionActivity : Ground FloorWall & FirstFloorWall Duration: 7 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters WEEK 27
- 29. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 29 ConstructionActivity1 : GroundFloorWall Duration: 7 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker:4 General Workers,3Bar benders,2carpenters ConstructionActivity 2: GroundFloordoor framingandinstallation Duration: 2 days Materials:Hollowsingle rabbetmetal frame Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker Technical Information: :Doors are openingsbetweenexteriorandinterior,andbetweenrooms.Theyare carefully positionedbetweencolumnswherethe wall will eventuallybe made.Doorsare correctlyorientedas to whethertheyopeninorout and stoodupright withwoodtemporarilynailedtocolumnsand beams. ConstructionActivity 3: GroundFloorwindow framingandinstallation
- 30. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 30 Duration: 3 days Materials:Aluminumcasementframe,glasswindow,screws Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker Technical Information: : : Windowsprovide ventilationforabuilding,acasementwindow provides100% ventilation.A windowframe isfirstinstalled,followedbythe twosmallerwindowsandtheirpivotbrackets,the unitistoppedoff withtrimmingforaesthetics
- 31. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 31 WEEK 28 ConstructionActivity 1 : SecondFloorBeam Duration: 4 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker: 4 General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters ConstructionActivity 2: GroundFloordoor framingand installation Duration: 2 days Materials:Hollowsingle rabbetmetal frame Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker Technical Information: :Doors are openingsbetweenexteriorandinterior,andbetweenrooms.Theyare carefully positionedbetweencolumnswherethe wall will eventuallybe made.Doorsare correctlyorientedas to whethertheyopeninorout and stoodupright withwoodtemporarilynailedtocolumnsand beams.
- 32. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 32 ConstructionActivity 3: GroundFloorwindow framingandinstallation Duration: 3 days Materials:Aluminumcasementframe,glasswindow,screws Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker Technical Information: : : Windowsprovide ventilationforabuilding,acasementwindow provides100% ventilation.A windowframe isfirstinstalled,followedbythe twosmallerwindowsandtheirpivotbrackets,the unitistoppedoff withtrimmingforaesthetics
- 33. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 33 WEEK 29 ConstructionActivity : SecondFloorWall,Railing Duration: 6 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker: 4 General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters ConstructionActivity 2: GroundFloordoor framingand installation Duration: 2 days Materials:Hollowsingle rabbetmetal frame Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker
- 34. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 34 Technical Information: :Doors are openingsbetweenexteriorandinterior,andbetweenrooms.Theyare carefully positionedbetweencolumnswherethe wall will eventuallybe made.Doorsare correctlyoriented as to whethertheyopeninorout and stoodupright withwoodtemporarilynailedtocolumnsand beams. ConstructionActivity 3: GroundFloorwindow framingandinstallation Duration: 3 days Materials:Aluminumcasementframe,glasswindow,screws Equipment:Wrench,Level,ScrewDriver,measuringtape,marker SkilledWorker:2 General Workers,1Special Worker Technical Information: : : Windowsprovide ventilationforabuilding,acasementwindow provides100% ventilation.A windowframe isfirst installed,followedbythe twosmallerwindowsandtheirpivotbrackets,the unitistoppedoff withtrimmingforaesthetics
- 35. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 35 WEEK 30 ConstructionActivity : Roof Trusses Duration: 5 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker: 4 General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters
- 36. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 36 Technical Information: The firststepin coveringroof isto erecta scaffoldtoa heightwhichwill bring the eavesaboutwaist-hightoaman standingonthe scaffold. Before anyroof coveringisapplied,the roof sheathing mustbe sweptcleanand carefullyinspectedforirregularities,cracks,holes,orotherdefects.Noroofingshouldbe applied unlessthe sheathingboardsare absolutelydry. An underlayof roofingfeltisfirstappliedtothe sheathing.Roofingfeltusuallycomesin 3-foot-widerollsandshouldbe laidwitha2-inchtoplap and a 4-inchside lap. Bundlesof shinglesshouldbe distributedalongthe scaffoldbeforeworkbegins.There are 27 stripsina bundle of 1 x 3 asphaltstripshingles.Three bundleswillcover100square feet. Afterthe firstcourse at the eaves(the startercourse) islaidbyinvertingthe first Course of shinglesorthe starterstripof mineral-surfacedroll roofing,eachcourse that followsisbegunbystretchingaguidelineorbysnappinga chalkline from edge to edge.Thispositionsthe course. Stripshinglesshouldbe nailedwith1-inchcopperorhot-dipped,galvanizedroofingnails,twoto each tab;this meanssix nailstoeachfull strip.Nailsshouldbe placedabout61/2 inchesfromthe butt edgestoensure thateachnail will be coveredbythe nextcourse (blind-nailing)anddriven throughtwo courses. An asbestos-cementroof islaidinaboutthe same way as the asphaltstripshingles. A binderisusedtobondthe roofingfelttogetherandforma watertightseal.Asphaltand coal tar are the two maintypesof bituminousbindersused. Dryingout of the bindercausesdeteriorationof built-uproofs. If this didnothappen,a built-uproof wouldlastindefinitely.Asphaltisthe preferred binder.Itisusedon roofsslopingupto 6 inchesperfoot(1/4 pitch).Asphalthasamelting pointof 350' to 41 0°F. A roof coveredwithasphaltshouldbe protectedwithacoveringof slag,gravel,or otherprotective material.Tarhasa lowermeltingpoint(300°to 350°F) than asphalt,soit will move more easily;therefore,itisnotrecommendedforroofshavinga slope of more than 3 inchesperfoot(1/8 pitch). Aggregate,crushedstone,orgravel from1/4 to 5/8 inchin diameteris embeddedinacoat of asphaltor tar to holdthe roof coveringdown.Italsopreventsthe bindingfromdisintegrating because of the weather. Gravel stopson slagor gravel-surfacedroofs,andmetal-edge stripsonsmooth-surfaced built-uproofsare usedto finishall exposededgesandeavestopreventwindfromgetting underthe edgesandcausingblowoffs.The gravel stopalsopreventsthe lossof gravel or slagoff the edge of the roof.The flashingflange of the gravel stoporedge stripisplaced overthe last plyof felt.Itshouldbe nailedsecurelytothe roof deckand double feltstripped. Thenthe finishedcoatof bitumenandsurfacingorcap sheetshouldbe applied.The lipof the gravel stopshouldextendaminimumof 3/4inch above the roof deck. The lipof the edge strip shouldbe a maximumof 1/2 inch above the deck.Bothshouldbe securelyfastenedtothe fascia board
- 37. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 37 WEEK 31 ConstructionActivity : Roof Duration: 4 days Materials:Concrete,reinforcement,timberformwork Equipment:Concrete Vibrator,Rebarbendingmachine,table saw,concrete mixer SkilledWorker: 4 General Workers,3 Bar benders,2carpenters
- 38. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 38 Week 32 ConstructionActivity: Electrical Wiring Duration: 7 days Materials:insulatedcooperwires,electrical tape,andconnector Equipment:Testpen,voltage meter SkilledWorker:2 electricians Technical Information: Electrical cablesare pulledthroughPVCpipe ambeddedinthe concrete wallsoralong the wall surface. Week 33: ConstructionActivity: Plumbing Duration: 7 days Materials:assorteddimensionsof PVCpipe,connectors,PVCglue Equipment:Saw,measuringtape SkilledWorker:Plumber Technical Information: Plumbingisessential forbringingincleanwaterintoabuildingandtaking waste productsaway.PVCpipesare piecedtogether,inordertoconnectvarioussystemstogether. Week 34: Construction Activity:SanitaryFittings Duration: 5 days Materials:Ceramics Equipment:Saw,Measuringtape,drill SkilledWorker:Special Worker,2 General Workers Technical Information: Sanitaryfittingssuchassick,waterclosetand showerare usuallyboughtas modularunitsandare easilyinstalled.Justconnectthe plumbingtothe inletandoutlet,andensure the fasteningissecure.
- 39. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 39 Week 35: ConstructionActivity: Tiling (GroundFloor) Duration: 5 days Materials:Mortar, Grout, homogeneousceramictiles Equipment:Puttyknife,spacers,level SkilledWorker:2 Tilers Technical Information: Tilesare a durable,easytocleanmodularfinishthatrequirescareful installationinordertolasta longtime.A tilingpatternisfirstdeterminedandthe tilerspreadmortar on the floorsurface.The tilesare uniformlyspacedandalignwiththe aidof spacers.The gapsare made to allowforexpansionandare filledwithgrout. Week 36: ConstructionActivity : Tiling(SecondFloor) Duration: 5 days Materials:Mortar, Grout, homogeneousceramictiles Equipment:Puttyknife,spacers,level SkilledWorker:2 Tilers Technical Information: Tilesare a durable,easytocleanmodularfinishthatrequirescareful installationin ordertolasta longtime.A tilingpatternisfirstdeterminedandthe tilerspreadmortar on the floorsurface.The tilesare uniformlyspacedandalignwiththe aidof spacers.The gapsare made to allowforexpansionandare filledwithgrout. Week 37: ConstructionActivity : Tiling (Second Floor) Duration: 5 days Materials:Mortar, Grout, homogeneousceramictiles Equipment:Puttyknife,spacers,level SkilledWorker:2 Tilers Technical Information: Tilesare a durable,easytocleanmodular finishthatrequirescareful installationinordertolasta longtime.A tilingpatternisfirstdeterminedandthe tilerspreadmortar on the floorsurface.The tilesare uniformlyspacedandalignwiththe aidof spacers.The gapsare made to allowforexpansionandare filledwithgrout.
- 40. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 40 Week 38: ConstructionActivity : Plastering(GroundFloor) Duration: 5 days Materials:PlasterBoard Equipment:Ramsetconcrete nailer,Makitaconcrete driller,LaserLevelmachine, Plumbs,Basic handtools,Makita steel benchcutters,Ceilinggun,Ladder,Steel square ruler,DrillingMachine SkilledWorker:3 General Workers Technical Information: All levelingsetoutcoordinatesshall be basedonthe settingoutlevels providedondesign. Week 39: ConstructionActivity: Plastering(firstFloor) Duration: 5 days Materials:PlasterBoard Equipment:Ramsetconcrete nailer,Makitaconcrete driller,LaserLevelmachine,Plumbs,Basic handtools,Makita steel benchcutters,Ceilinggun,Ladder,Steel square ruler, DrillingMachine SkilledWorker:3 General Workers Technical Information: All levelingsetoutcoordinatesshall be basedonthe settingoutlevels providedondesign. Week 40: ConstructionActivity : Plastering(firstFloor) Duration: 5 days Materials:PlasterBoard Equipment:Ramsetconcrete nailer,Makitaconcrete driller,LaserLevelmachine, Plumbs,Basic handtools,Makita steel benchcutters,Ceilinggun,Ladder,Steel square ruler,DrillingMachine SkilledWorker:3 General Workers Technical Information: All levelingsetoutcoordinatesshall be basedonthe settingoutlevels providedondesign.
- 41. Building Construction I Aimi Ruzanna binti Datu Adzman 0306177 Page 41