C language
- 1. C Language
- 2. Introduction C is developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs, the USA between 1969 and 1973. In 1988, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has formalized the C language. C was invented to write UNIX operating system. C is a successor of 'Basic Combined Programming Language' (BCPL) called B language. Linux OS, PHP, and MySQL are written in C. C has been written in assembly language.
- 3. Program Structure #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { // (for comments) -- ( for other statements) }
- 4. Features of C Language C is a robust language with a rich set of built-in functions and operators. Programs written in C are efficient and fast. C is highly portable, programs once written in C can be run on other machines with minor or no modification. C is basically a collection of C library functions, we can also create our own function and add it to the C library. C is easily extensible.
- 5. Advantages of C Language C is the building block for many other programming languages. Programs written in C are highly portable. Several standard functions are there (like in-built) that can be used to develop programs. C programs are basically collections of C library functions, and it's also easy to add own functions to the C library. The modular structure makes code debugging, maintenance and testing easier. Disadvantages of C
- 6. Disadvantages of C Language C does not provide Object Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts. There are no concepts of Namespace in C. C does not provide binding or wrapping up of data in a single unit. C does not provide Constructor and Destructor.
- 7. History of C Language C programming language was developed to overcome the difficulties found in older programming languages such as BCPL, BASIC, B etc. C is imperative language and designed to compile in a relatively straightforward manner which provides low-level access to the memory. With the gradual increase in the popularity of the program, the language and its compiler have become available on a wide range of platforms from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. With the introduction of K&R C language (which is a new edition of C published in 1978 by Brian Kernighan and Denis Ritchie), several features have been included in C language.
- 8. History of C Language Some of these features are: 1. Standard I/O (Input/Output) Library 2. long int - data type 3. unsigned int - data type 4. Compound assignment operators During the late 1980's, C was started to use for a wide variety of mainframe computers, micro and mini computers which began to get popular. Gradually C got its superset - i.e. C++ which has added features, but its developed from C with all its initial concepts.
- 9. Programs of C #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, World!n"); getch(); //Use to get one character input from user, and it will not be printed on screen. return 0; }
- 10. Output of Program of C
- 11. Program: #include<stdio.h> void main() { int a,b,c; printf("Please enter any two numbers: n"); scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); c = a + b; printf("The addition of two number is: %d", c); } Output: Please enter any two numbers: 12 3 The addition of two number is:15 Note: The above program scanf() is used to take input from the user, and respectively printf() is used to display output result on the screen.
- 12. Various Parts of C /* Comments */ Comments are a way of explaining what makes a program. Comments are ignored by the compiler and used by others to understand the code. Or This is a comment block, which is ignored by the compiler. Comment can be used anywhere in the program to add info about program or code block, which will be helpful for developers to easily understand the existing code in the future.
- 13. #include<stdio.h> stdio is standard for input / output, this allows us to use some commands which includes a file called stdio.h. Or This is a preprocessor command. that notify the compiler to include the header file stdio.h in the program before compiling the source-code. int/void main() int/void is a return value, which will be explained in a while. Braces Two curly brackets "{...}" are used to group all statements together. Or Curly braces which shows how much the main() function has its scope.
- 14. printf() It is a function in C, which prints text on the screen. or This is another pre-defined function of C which is used to be displayed text string in the screen. main() The main() is the main function where program execution begins. Every C program must contain only one main function. or This is the main function, which is the default entry point for every C program and the void in front of it indicates that it does not return a value. return 0 At the end of the main function returns value 0.
- 15. Format Specifiers Format specifiers can be defined as the operators which are used in association with printf() function for printing the data that is referred by any object or any variable. When a value is stored in a particular variable then you cannot print the value stored in the variable straightforwardly without using the format specifiers. You can retrieve the data that are stored in the variables and can print them onto the console screen by implementing these format specifiers in a printf() function.
- 16. Format specifiers start with a percentage % operator and followed by a special character for identifying the type of the data. There are mostly 6 types of format specifiers that are available in C.
- 17. Thank You