c2329- Lecture3
15 likes10,495 views
This document provides an overview of three major movements in early modern architecture: De Stijl, Constructivism, and the Bauhaus. It describes the origins and key principles of each movement. De Stijl emerged in the Netherlands in 1915 and was influenced by Mondrian's paintings using primary colors and horizontal and vertical lines. Constructivism developed in Russia in the 1920s and emphasized abstraction, experimentation with geometry and industrial materials. The Bauhaus school operated in Germany from 1919-1933 under directors including Gropius and Mies van der Rohe, combining crafts and technology to create standardized designs emphasizing function over ornament.
c2329- Lecture3
- 1. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Lecture 03: International Style • De stijl •Constructivism • The Bauhaus www.shahrilkhairi.com Prepared by SKA
- 3. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture DE STiJL (the style) Piet Mondrian Theo van Doesburg Piet Mondrian Gerrit Thomas Rietveld Theo van Doesburg Gerrit Rietveld Founded in 1915 (Holland) by Theo van Doesburg, a painter and later an architect.Also known as “neoplasticism”, the movement focusing on radical transformation of art in contrast to the “visionary + dynamic” confusion. (termed by Mendelsohn). This Dutch artistic movement is based on a journal/magazine published by Theo van Doesberg ; De Stijl means “The Style”. The magazine de stijl been a dialectic tool of a group of commercial painters (Piet Mondrian), artists, architects who embraced the ideals of rhythm, economy of expressive means, rigorous construction. INTERNATIONAL STYLE : DE STIJL Prepared by SKA
- 4. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Schroder’ House, Utrecht The Netherlands 1924 Resident House of Mrs. Truus Schröder-Schräder Gerrit Thomas Rietveld As in Mondrian’s paintings, the building are distinguished by vertical and horizontal lines, primary colours (red, yellow, blue) and smooth planes. Designed by Rietveld for Mrs. Schroder and her three children. It become an icon of De Stijl architecture and in 2000 become one of UNESCO World Heritage Site -Changeable open plan - sliding panels & partitions - interlocking planes -Collage of square & rectangles - surface with primary values : gray & white - highlights using primary colours INTERNATIONAL STYLE : DE STIJL Prepared by SKA
- 5. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture CONSTRUCTIVISM Vladimir Tatlin (father of constructivism) El Lissitzky Konstantin S.Mel’nikov The constructivist are among pioneers of photomontage. - Collage with photo and painting together. Wolkenbügel (Cloud-iron). 1925 A photomontage of a building designed, but never built, by Lissitzky. Photomontage of illustrated Alexander Rodchenko. Mayakovsky’s poem, "About album cover by Franz This," in 1923. Ferdinand (2007) Melnikov House (1927-1929) Konstantin Melnikov Rusakov Workers’ Club (1890-1974) Konstantin Melnikov INTERNATIONAL STYLE : CONSTRUCTIVISM Prepared by SKA
- 6. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Monument to the Third International, St. Petersburg, Moscow 1920 Monument, Tower (never actually built) Vladimir Tatlin (father of constructivism) Constructivist art is committed to complete abstraction with a devotion to modernity, where themes are often geometric, experimental and rarely emotional. a 22-ft-high (6.7-m) iron frame on which rested a revolving cylinder, cube, and cone, all made of glass which was originally designed for massive scale. CHARACTERISTICS of CONSTRUCTIVISM: -geometric abstraction & pattern - experimental geometry with universal meaning - minimal, basic elements - industrial material; glass, steel and plastic - clearly defined arrangement - machine-made building parts - technological details such as antennae, signs and projection screens - a sense of movement INTERNATIONAL STYLE : CONSTRUCTIVISM Prepared by SKA
- 7. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture The Bauhaus, Dessau, German 1925 School of Architecture Walter Gropius Bauhaus = "House of -existed in 3 German cities: Building" or "Building - Weimar (1919-1925) School“ - Dessau (1925-1932) -a school in Germany that - Berlin (1932-1933) combined crafts and the fine arts - 3 different architect-directors: - operated from 1919 to - Walter Gropius (1919-1927) 1933 - Hannes Meyer (1927-1930) - founded by Walter - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Gropius (1930-1933) - founded with the idea of - was closed under pressure creating a 'total' work of art from the Nazi regime. in which all arts would be brought together. - became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design - influenced developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. GROPIUS MEYER MIES INTERNATIONAL STYLE : THE BAUHAUS Prepared by SKA
- 8. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture The Bauhaus, Dessau, German 1925 School of Architecture Walter Gropius Bauhaus Style = International Style - Absence of ornamentation. - Harmony between function and design. - Arts & Crafts + Technology (machines) - Simplified forms - Mass production/ Standardized Design - Functionality Bauhaus Building (1925–26), architect: Walter Gropius This building, especially the School’s bright colour scheme, brings together sharp visual dissections, block colours and geometric shapes. The building became icon of Modernism, its decoration-free, clean style, a modern approach and a special, fully built-in the architectural solution, use of colour. Marcel Breuer: Wassily Chair Bauhaus Philosophy - Artist should be trained to work with the industry INTERNATIONAL STYLE : THE BAUHAUS Prepared by SKA