history of modern architecture - lecture 01
104 likes39,261 views
Frank Lloyd Wright CHICAGO SCHOOL Prepared by SKA
history of modern architecture - lecture 01
- 1. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Lecture 01: Historicism Industrial revolution Art + craft movement Art nouveau movement Chicago school www.shahrilkhairi.com Prepared by SKA
- 3. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture The Palace of Westminster, London, 1836 to 1868 Gov. Centre, English Gothic Revival Sir Charles Barry, Augustus Pugin Westminster New Palace, the Houses of Parliament for England and all the United Kingdom, including the famous clock Big Ben. Design of gothic details assisted by A. W. N. Pugin. Use cut stone bearing masonry. HISTORICISM Prepared by SKA
- 4. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture United States Capitol, Washington 1793 to 1830 Gov. Centre, Neo Classic Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch Washington, Location D.C. stone bearing Construction masonry, cast System iron dome Context urban Notes Dome by Thomas Ustick Walter, 1851 to 1863 HISTORICISM Prepared by SKA
- 5. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Crystal Palace,London 1851, moved 1852, burnt 1936 Exposition Hall, Victorian Style Joseph Paxton The development of modern architecture was driven not only by new aesthetic principles. The easy availability of materials such as concrete, iron, steel and glass freed architecture from the restrictions of building in stone, wood and masonry The new sense of space aimed at meeting the needs of life in the 20th century. Modular construction system - prefabricated iron sections. Floor area of 770,000 sq ft.,1851 ft long, 450 ft wide. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Prepared by SKA
- 6. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Eiffel Tower 1887 - 1889 Exposition Observation Tower, Victorian Structural Expressionist Gustave Eiffel A symbol of Paris worldwide. 985' high rugged tracery of iron work. Commission from competition victory. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Prepared by SKA
- 7. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture William Morris (London, England 1834 – 1896) William Morris was an artist, designer, printer, typographer, bookbinder, craftsman, poet, writer and champion of socialist ideals. He believes that nature was the perfect example of God's creation. FOUNDER OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 8. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction against the poor quality of design during the Industrial Revolution. The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement believed that the growth of industry had destroyed traditional skills and had removed the pride that a craftsman could find in his work. The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement formed themselves into crafts guilds, based on the medieval examples, in order to encourage high standards of design and provide a supportive working environment. THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 9. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have many of these features: •Wood, stone, or stucco siding •Low-pitched roof •Wide eaves with triangular brackets •Exposed roof rafters •Porch with thick square or round columns •Stone porch supports •Exterior chimney made with stone •Open floor plans; few hallways •Numerous windows •Some windows with stained or leaded glass The red house •Beamed ceilings •Dark wood wainscoting and mouldings •Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 10. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Victor Horta Henry Van De Velde Antonio Gaudi (Belgian architect, 1861 – 1947) (Belgian architect, 1863 – 1957) (Spanish architect,1852 – 1926) Victor Horta created buildings Borrowing from his own Flemish Gaudi developed a sensuous, which rejected historical styles background and the English curving, almost surreal design and marked the beginning of Arts & Crafts movement, Van style which established him as modern architecture. He de Velde developed a highly the innovative leader of the conceived modern architecture detailed, style. Using concrete Spanish Art Nouveau movement. as an abstract principle derived as an expressive element, he With little regard for formal order, from relations to the environment, created ornamental designs he juxtaposed unrelated systems rather than on the imitation of and ornate interiors which and altered established visual forms. Organic forms established directly influenced the Art order. Gaudi's characteristically by Horta do not meet standard Nouveau movement. warped form of Gothic ideas of modern architecture, but architecture drew admiration Horta generated references ideas from other avant-garde artists. of many modernist. THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 11. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Victor Horta Henry Van De Velde Antonio Gaudi •Museum Horta •Casa Batllo •Sagrada Familia TASSEL HOUSE BLOEMENWERF HOUSE CASA MILA Van de Velde gave everything in Also "Hotel Tassel". Elegant urban Expressionistic, fantastic, organic the house, from the door house with facade defined forms in undulating facade and furnishings to the wallpaper, the around centered, stacked oriel roof line. light court. same patterns of embellishments bay windows and balcony. and flowing linear shapes THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 12. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Characteristics of Art Nouveau •Art Nouveau means for “new styles” in French • styles developed in response to industrial revolution and art and craft movement. • Well known in French, Belgium and Germany. Nama panggilan mengikut negara England – Modern Style USA – Tiffany Style German – Jugendstil Italy – Stile Liberty Spain – Modernisme Bahan-bahan yang selalu digunakan. - Iron - Stained glasses -The Curing Door Handles (Pemegang pintu yang lentik) - The Vegetal Curve Dynamic beauty of the banister (Susur tangan yang melengkung dan bercorak tumbuh-tumbuhan) - The Slender Iron Pillars (tiang besi yang ramping) - The coiling patterns of the mosaic floors. THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA
- 13. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture Louis Henry Sullivan (Boston, 1856 – 1924) Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple geometric form decorated with ornamentation based on organic symbolism. As an organizer and formal theorist on aesthetics, he propounded an architecture that exhibited the spirit of the time and needs of the people. Considered one of the most influential forces in the Chicago School, his philosophy that form should always follow function went beyond functional and structural expressions. He influenced by Hobson Richardson, whom Sullivan was a great admirer. "Schlesinger-Mayer Store", "Carson, Pirie and Scott Store", Chicago. Form Follows Function! FATHER OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE Prepared by SKA