"Carbon Sequestration" by Noah Deich
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The document discusses the importance of carbon sequestration and the various approaches to achieve it, highlighting both nature-based and technology-based solutions. It outlines the current landscape of innovators, economic considerations, and the future direction of carbon removal efforts, emphasizing the need for investment and policy support. The document ultimately makes the case for integrating carbon removal strategies to meet climate goals effectively.
"Carbon Sequestration" by Noah Deich
- 3. Past Why do we care about carbon sequestration? Present Who are the innovators in the landscape today? Future What does the future of carbon sequestration look like?
- 4. Past Why do we care about carbon sequestration? Present Who are the innovators in the landscape today? Future What does the future of carbon sequestration look like?
- 5. Carbon sequestration: the promising pathways
- 8. Potential solutions are diverse
- 9. Sequestration terminology Prevent additional emissions (low/zero carbon) Remove historical emissions (negative carbon) Naturebased (i.e.photosynthesis-driven) Technology (i.e.engineered) Point-source fossil carbon capture and storage Point-source biomass carbon capture and storage Direct air capture and storage ReforestationAvoided deforestation Cover crops, no till, rotational grazing, etc. CO2 mineralization
- 10. Depends on your values. Economics Cost, scale potential, risk of reversal Society Benefits or risks to ecosystems Equity and justice, jobs Environment What pathways hold the most promise?
- 11. The climate case for carbon sequestration
- 13. IPCC’s 5th Climate Change Assessment Report Working Group 3, page 485
- 14. We have to reduce emissions... ...and remove carbon
- 22. The business of carbon sequestration
- 23. US carbon capture supply curve of large point-sources
- 24. A selection of carbon capture and utilization pathways
- 25. Niche markets for CO2 use focused on oil production ~100M tons CO2 global market Average price of CO2 $15-30/ton for enhanced oil recovery; $100/ton for niche merchant applications
- 26. CO2 utilization is about first market economics, not long-run sequestration potential
- 27. State policy creating demand for carbon removal
- 28. Corporates are getting started
- 30. Past Why do we care about carbon sequestration? Present Who are the innovators in the landscape today? Future What does the future of carbon sequestration look like?
- 32. Technology readiness level ranges across supply chain Capture Use and storage
- 33. Capture technology is mature, but breakthroughs on the horizon Capture Use and storage
- 34. Geologic storage relatively mature, though CO2 utilization technologies more nascent Capture Use and storage
- 35. Comparison of leading direct air capture companies
- 36. Comparison of solid and liquid sorbet costs
- 37. Air capture costs depend on power and heat source
- 40. Climeworks
- 42. Svante
- 43. Svante
- 46. Government grants catalyzing early stage innovation
- 48. Forests and natural ecosystems
- 50. CO2 management investor resources See more in the appendix
- 52. Past Why do we care about carbon sequestration? Present Who are the innovators in the landscape today? Future What does the future of carbon sequestration look like?
- 53. Where is the future of carbon sequestration headed?
- 54. Economics <$100/ton CO2 removed, 10B tons/year, accurately priced Society Aim for co-benefits and robust environmental, health, and safety regulations Local communities central to all decisions with economic opportunities widely shared Environment What do we value?
- 55. Learning curves based on deployment will determine costs
- 56. Current and projected cost of CO2 capture using DAC
- 60. Carbon prices aligned with net-zero targets
- 62. At <2% of climate grantmaking, CO2 removal is underfunded
- 63. Be part of the solution. Meeting climate goals requires investing in carbon removal.
- 64. The future of carbon sequestration Impact.Tech Noah Deich September 29, 2020
- 67. Appendix
- 68. Organization Title Description Rockström et al. in Science “A roadmap for rapid decarbonization” Explains why we need to reduce emissions rapidly and remove carbon at large scales to meet climate goals U.N. Environment Program “Emissions Gap Report 2019” Shows we aren’t on track for meeting climate goals, thus we need carbon removal IPCC “Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5C” Explains the importance of removal in meeting 1.5C climate goals (with data from Fuss et al. at https://co2removal.org/ ) National Academies “Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda” Outlines a comprehensive R&D agenda for a full portfolio of carbon removal strategies The Royal Society “Greenhouse Gas Removal” Similar in scope to NAS study Energy Futures Initiative “Clearing the Air: A Federal RD&D Initiative and Management Plan” Translates NAS report into program recommendations for U.S. policymakers New Carbon Economy Consortium “Building a New Carbon Economy: An Innovation Plan” More than 10 universities and national labs explain their priorities for carbon removal R&D World Resources Institute Carbon removal reports Synthesis of academic literature on carbon removal (with focus on U.S.) Innovation for Cool Earth Forum “Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide” Outlines state of direct air capture technology Learn more about CO2 management resources
- 69. Learn more about CO2 management resources Organization Title Description University of Michigan’s Global CO2 Initiative “Global Roadmap Study of CO2U Technologies” Outlines state of CO2 use and conversion technology Rhodium Group “Capturing Leadership: Policies for the U.S. to Advance Direct Air Capture Technology” Proposes case and recommendations for U.S. policy on direct air capture National Petroleum Council “Meeting the Dual Challenge: A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use Broader state of CCUS and U.S. policy recommendations Holly Jean Buck “After Geoengineering: Climate Tragedy, Repair, and Restoration” Book exploring carbon removal and progressive politics Tim Flannery “Atmosphere of Hope: Searching for Solutions to the Climate Crisis” Book exploring carbon removal moonshot innovations The Economist Intelligence Unit “Carbon Removal” Research overview on carbon removal
Editor's Notes
- #3: Carbon180 1 minute backstory and what we do.
- #4: Section 1: General overview of the space // history, challenges, etc. Section 2: Current landscape and competition (major innovators) and how they have succeeded Section 3: Lessons from big players field and projections on next steps for people entering the space
- #5: Section 1: General overview of the space // history, challenges, etc.
- #7: Carbon sequestration is not a new or man-made idea -- carbon is naturally stored in soils and forests over time, nourishing plants and crops. The idea that we can use and store carbon exists in the world of modern innovation as well.
- #8: Industrial carbon capture has been used for decades, efforts have picked up since early 200s to find ways to sustainably store carbon in materials and products and geologic reservoirs. What do you think about when you think about carbon sequestration? Innovative industrial technology? Mature industrial technology?
- #9: All solutions are on the table No silver bullet, all have pros and cons
- #10: Terminology around sequestration is confusing. Helpful axes are (1) emission avoidance v. removal and (2) nature v. tech
- #11: What solutions should we pick? Cost? Scale potential? Reversal risk? (and in general measuring and verifying) Climate and environmental benefits/risks beyond CO2 sequestration? Economic opportunity? Equity and justice? Nature v. technology? Other goals?
- #13: The reason you do sequestration is climate World has committed to very ambitious targets All but mandating that we do sequestration at large scale.
- #14: This mandate for sequestration isn’t obvious, in fact it is quite burried
- #15: But it is incredibly clear when you look at the math Reducing emissions this fast unprecedented. Helpful to have all the tools in the toolkit Removal necessary at very large scale Rockstrom et. al in Science “A roadmap for rapid decarbonization”
- #16: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #17: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #18: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #19: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #20: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #21: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #22: Getting to zero is very challenging -- some sectors have no clear alternative
- #24: Supply curve is steep in beginning, but shows low-hanging fruit capture opportunities National Petroleum Council: Meeting the Dual Challenge A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage
- #25: CO2 use offers revenue, some sequestration potential Source: Global CCS Institute
- #26: EOR is the main customer today Global CCS Institute: ACCELERATING THE UPTAKE OF CCS: INDUSTRIAL USE OF CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE MARCH 2011
- #27: Climate perspective, aggregates offer significant scale University of Michigan Global CO2 Initiative Global Study of CO2U Technologies
- #28: Supply curves vary significantly by geography, goals Livermore National Lab: Getting to Zero. Options for Negative Carbon Emissions in California January 2020
- #29: Demand starting to emerge from corporate voluntary commitments
- #31: Section 2: Current landscape and competition (major innovators) and how they have succeeded
- #32: Section or “quote”/impact slide
- #33: We can do this today with mature tech… but there is a huge innovation opportunity at every step in the value chain. MEA + saline is capture benchmark; National Petroleum Council: Meeting the Dual Challenge A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage
- #34: We can do this today with mature tech… but there is a huge innovation opportunity at every step in the value chain. MEA + saline is capture benchmark; National Petroleum Council: Meeting the Dual Challenge A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage
- #35: We can do this today with mature tech… but there is a huge innovation opportunity at every step in the value chain. MEA + saline is capture benchmark; National Petroleum Council: Meeting the Dual Challenge A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage
- #36: From National Academies: https://www.nap.edu/download/25259#
- #37: From Wilcox et al: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c00476
- #38: From Wilcox et al: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c00476
- #44: From Wilcox et al: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c00476
- #47: DOE just announced $22M in grants for early stage (TRL 2-3) DAC projects, 18 in total. Think of this as the beginning of a decade long journey for them to identify promising tech, narrow down support to most promising tech, but offering larger grants for larger and larger scale efforts.
- #49: Cross-laminated timber opens harvested wood product markets
- #50: Seeing interest from accelerators, family offices, cleantech VCs, corporate strategic investors across sectors.
- #53: Section 3: Lessons from big players field and projections on next steps for people entering the space
- #54: Section or “quote”/impact slide
- #55: What solutions should we pick? Cost: <$100/ton CO2 removed Scale potential: 10Bs tons/year Reversal risk: accurately priced Climate and environmental benefits/risks beyond CO2 sequestration: aim for co-benefits, apply robust environmental, health, and safety regulations Economic opportunity: local, widely shared Equity and justice: central Nature v. technology: portfolio Other: complement, not replacement for ending fossil fuel use
- #56: We get there through learning curves: Based on deployment Innovation comes from manufacturing scale Capturing Leadership: Policies for the US to Advance Direct Air Capture Technology
- #57: Scale, not time, matters Capturing Leadership: Policies for the US to Advance Direct Air Capture Technology
- #58: Tech breakthroughs I’m most excited about: MOFs and novel chemistry CO2 mineralization + aggregates CRISPR and plan engineering Microbial soil additives Integrated landscape data monitoring and analytics (connected sensors, drone lidar/radar, satellites → AI/ML) Cheap renewables
- #59: Most excited about new entrepreneurs in the space
- #60: Rethink sequestration from a climate perspective Build on bipartisan support
- #61: Are very high -- sufficient to drive carbon sequestration at large scale A near-term to net zero alternative to the social cost of carbon for setting carbon prices
- #62: From Columbia University “Energizing America”
- #63: We get to shape the future… if that’s what we value.
- #64: Carbon180 relies heavily on individual investments philanthropic donations. These people and organizations directly fund the work we do to advance carbon removal solutions in an effort to fix climate change.
- #71: Markets are diverse and large, but very hard to compete in Carbon180: A Review of Global and U.S. Total Available Markets for Carbontech