Cc singularity u-panel_on_open_source
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This document discusses the role of open source and Creative Commons in facilitating collective intelligence and meta-innovation. It highlights the historical development of open content licenses and explores the differences between software and cultural content, including issues related to copyright and the implications of digital freedoms. The document emphasizes the importance of building the commons to foster innovation, transparency, and security in the digital world.
![History (ii) ... evocative dates for software 1999: crazine$$ 2004: Firefox 1.0 2007: [AL]GPLv3 ????: World Domination](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cc-singularityupanelonopensource-100508020412-phpapp02/85/Cc-singularity-u-panel_on_open_source-17-320.jpg)
![License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Attribution Author: Mike Linksvayer Link: http://creativecommons.org Questions? [email_address] Detail of image by psd · Licensed under CC Attribution 2.0 · http://flickr.com/photos/psd/1805374441](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cc-singularityupanelonopensource-100508020412-phpapp02/85/Cc-singularity-u-panel_on_open_source-48-320.jpg)
Cc singularity u-panel_on_open_source
- 1. Singularity University Panel on Open Source 2009-07-28 The Commons as a collective intelligence meta-innovation Mike Linksvayer Creative Commons Photo by asadal · Licensed under CC Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 · http://flickr.com/photos/68242677@N00/2117153416/
- 2. Creative Commons .ORG Nonprofit organization, launched to public December 2002 HQ and ccLearn in San Francisco Science Commons division at MIT ~70 international jurisdiction projects, coordinated from Berlin Foundation, corporate, and individual funding Born at Stanford, supported by Silicon Valley
- 3. Enabling Reasonable Copyright Space between ignoring copyright and ignoring fair use & public good Legal and technical tools enabling a “Some Rights Reserved” model Like “free software” or “open source” for content/media But with more restrictive options Media is more diverse and at least a decade(?) behind software
- 7. Machine Readable <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nl/"> <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"/> <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"/> <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"/> <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"/> <prohibits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#CommercialUse"/> <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#DerivativeWorks"/> <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#ShareAlike"/> </License> </rdf:RDF>
- 8. Machine Readable (Work) <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <span rel=" dc:type " href=" http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text " property=" dc:title "> My Book </span> by <a rel=" cc:attributionURL " property=" cc:attributionName " href=" http://example.org/me "> My Name </a> is licensed under a <a rel=" license " href=" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>. <span rel=" dc:source " href=" http://example.net/her_book "/> Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a rel=" cc:morePermissions " href=" http://example.com/revenue_sharing_agreement ">example.com</a>. </span>
- 9. DRMfree “ DRM Voodo” by psd licensed under CC BY 2.0 http://flickr.com/photos/psd/1806247462/
- 10. Software/Culture (i) Utilitarian/obvious but narrow reuse vs non-utilitarian but universal reuse possible Gecko in Firefox, Thunderbird, Songbird... = Obvious Device driver code in web application = Huh? Cat photos and heavy metal = music video
- 11. Software/Culture (ii) Maintenance necessary vs rare Non-maintained software = dead “ Maintained” cultural work = pretty special (Wikis are somewhat like software in this respect)
- 12. Software/Culture (iii) Roughly all or nothing modifiable form vs varied and degradable forms You have the source code or you don’t Text w/markup > PDF > Bitmap scan Multitracks > High bitrate > Low bitrate
- 13. Software/Culture (iv) Construction is identical to creating modifiable form vs. iteratively leaving materials on the cutting room floor
- 14. Software/Culture (v) Why NoDerivatives and NonCommercial? Legal sharing of verbatim works made interesting by filesharing wars Maybe less emphasis on maintenance means Restrictions on field of use less impactful Free commercial use more impactful on existing business models
- 15. Sofware/Culture (vi) Commercial anticommons When distributed maintenance is important, NC is unusable for business (one explanation of why free software ≅ open source) Maybe some artists want a commercial anticommons: nobody can be “exploited” ... but most want to exploit commerce. NC maybe does both.
- 16. History (i) Some evocative dates for software ... 1983: Launch of GNU Project 1989: GPLv1 1991: Linux kernel, GPLv2 1993: Debian 1996: Apache 1998: Mozilla, “open source”, IBM
- 17. History (ii) ... evocative dates for software 1999: crazine$$ 2004: Firefox 1.0 2007: [AL]GPLv3 ????: World Domination
- 18. History (iii) Open content licenses (some of them Free): 1998: Open Content License 1999: Open Publication License 2000: GFDL, Free Art License 2001: EFF Open Audio License
- 19. History (iv) Other early 2000s open content licenses (some of them Free): Design Science License, Ethymonics Free Music Public License, Open Music Green/Yellow/Red/Rainbow Licenses, Open Source Music License, No Type License, Public Library of Science Open Access License, Electrohippie Collective's Ethical Open Documentation License
- 20. History (v) Versioning of Creative Commons licenses (some of them Free): 2002: 1.0 2004: 2.0 2005: 2.5 2007: 3.0
- 21. History (vi) Anti-proliferation? 2003: author of Open Content/Publication licenses recommends CC instead and PLoS adopts CC BY 2004: EFF OAL 2.0 declares CC BY-SA 2.0 its next version No significant new culture licenses since 2002 2008+: Possible Wikipedia migration to CC BY-SA
- 22. Indicators (community) 1993: Debian :: 2001 : Wikipedia 8 years Wikipedia’s success came faster and more visibly Does Wikipedia even need an Ubuntu (2004)? But how typical is Wikipedia of free culture?
- 23. Indicators (business) 1989: Cygnus Solutions :: 2003 : Magnatune 14 years Cygnus acquired by Red Hat (1999); Magnatune’s long term impact TBD Magnatune may not be Free enough for some, but it seems like the best analogy for now
- 24. Indicators (big business) 1998: IBM :: ???? : ? No analogous investments have been made in free culture. Most large computer companies have now made large investments in free/open source software 1998: Microsoft :: 2008 : Big Media Could Microsoft’s attitude toward openness a decade ago be analogous to big media’s today?
- 25. Indicators (Wikitravel) Very cool round-trip story: 2003: Launch, CC BY-SA 2006: Acquired by Internet Brands 2008: First Wikitravel Press paper titles Community is the new “IP”?
- 26. Indicators (NIN) Ghosts I-IV released 2008 under CC BY-NC-SA: $1.6m gross in first week $750k in two days from limited edition “ultra deluxe edition” This while available legally and easily, gratis. NC doesn’t seem important in this story ... yet
- 27. Indicators (Summary Guesses) Free culture is at least a decade behind free software Except where it has mass collaboration/maintenance aspects of software, where it may rocket ahead (Wikipedia) Generally culture is much more varied than software; success will be spikey
- 28. In Innovation, Meta is Max “ The max net-impact innovations, by far, have been meta-innovations, i.e., innovations that changed how fast other innovations accumulated.” Robin Hanson (Economist) http://www.overcomingbias.com/2008/06/meta-is-max---i.html
- 29. Collective Intelligence Meta innovation?
- 30. Commons Meta innovation for Collective Intelligence?
- 31. $2.2 trillion Value of fair use in the U.S. Economy http://www.ccianet.org/artmanager/publish/news/First-Ever_Economic_Study_Calculates_Dollar_Value_of.shtml also see http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/7643
- 34. Cyber terrorism (Cyber terror war on) Privacy breaches Loss of Generativity Lock-in Surveillance DRM Censorship Suppression of innovation Electoral fraud Luddism
- 35. Threat categories Legitimate security issues Protectionism Politics and power Security theater and fear-based responses (driven by all of above, not just legitimate security issues)
- 36. What digital freedoms needed for beneficial collective intelligence? Keep same rights online/digitally that we (should anyway) have offline/IRL Permit innovation and participation enabled by digital world even if not possible before (probably follows from above)
- 37. How building the commons (free software, free culture, and friends) helps
- 38. Security Data shows FLOSS is more secure Security through obscurity doesn’t work FLOSS encourages a heterogeneous computing environment Free software and free culture both allergic to DRM and other mechanisms that sacrifice security to other goals
- 39. Protectionism Peer production undermines policy arguments for protecting knowledge industries Free software and free culture both allergic to DRM
- 40. Politics and power Free software and culture improve transparency ... and the ability of all to participate Peer production works against concentrated power — doesn’t require concentrated production structures and lowers barriers to entry
- 41. Security theater and fear Access to facts mitigates fear and allows rational evaluation of responses Commons work against three previous threats that drive security theater and fear
- 42. Can the success of the (digital) commons alter how we view freedom and power generally?
- 43. “ The gate that has held the movements for equalization of human beings strictly in a dilemma between ineffectiveness and violence has now been opened. The reason is that we have shifted to a zero marginal cost world. As steel is replaced by software, more and more of the value in society becomes non-rivalrous: it can be held by many without costing anybody more than if it is held by a few.” Eben Moglen
- 44. “ If we don’t want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others.” Richard Stallman
- 45. i.e., we can form collective intelligences instead of forced collectives ... and still “change the world”
- 47. Building the commons is key to achieving a good future Politicians and corporations are unimaginative ... they need to see solutions, or they react in fear A dominant commons makes many collective stupidity scenarios much less likely Beneficial collective intelligence needs universal access to culture, educational resources, research ... in machine-readable form
- 48. License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Attribution Author: Mike Linksvayer Link: http://creativecommons.org Questions? [email_address] Detail of image by psd · Licensed under CC Attribution 2.0 · http://flickr.com/photos/psd/1805374441
Editor's Notes
- #2: Linksvayer, M. (2009, July 28). Panel on Open Source, The Commons as a collective intelligence meta-innovation. Retrieved Retrieved May 7, 2010, from http://slidesha.re/9ZXtHl.