Ch. 1 HTML5, CIS 110 13F

WEB DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN
FOUNDATIONS WITH HTML5
Chapter 1
Key Concepts

Copyright © Terry Felke-Morris

Wednesday, October 23, 13

1

WEB STANDARDS
AND THE W3C CONSORTIUM
 W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
◦ Develops recommendations and

prototype technologies related to
the Web

◦ Produces speciﬁcations, called

Recommendations, in an effort to
standardize web technologies

◦ WAI – Web Accessibility Initiative



9

THE CLIENT/SERVER MODEL
Client/Server can describe a

relationship between two computer
programs –
the "client" and the "server".
Client
 requests some type of service (such as a

ﬁle or database access) from the server.

Server
 fulﬁlls the request and transmits the



18

THE INTERNET CLIENT/SERVER MODEL
Client – Web Browser
Server – Web Server



19

WEB CLIENT
Connected to the Internet when needed
Usually runs web browser (client) software

(such as Internet Explorer or Firefox)
Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Requests web pages from server
Receives web pages and ﬁles from server



20

WEB SERVER
Continually connected to the Internet
Runs web server software

(such as Apache or Internet Information
Server)
Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Receives request for the web page
Responds to request and transmits status
code, web page, and associated ﬁles



21

INTERNET PROTOCOLS
Protocols

 Rules that describe the methods used for

clients and servers to communicate with each
other over a network.

 There is no single protocol that makes the

Internet and Web work.

 A number of protocols with speciﬁc functions

are needed.



23

FTP
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
A set of rules that allow files to be

exchanged between computers on the
Internet.

Web developers commonly use FTP to

transfer web page files from their
computers to web servers.

FTP is also used to download programs

and files from other servers to individual
computers.



24

E-MAIL PROTOCOLS
Sending E-mail
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol
Receiving E-mail
POP (POP3) Post Office Protocol
IMAP Internet Mail Access



25

HTTP - HYPERTEXT TRANSFER
PROTOCOL

 A set of rules for exchanging files such as text,

graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia
files on the Web.
http
request

http
respons
e

 Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and

their associated files.

 Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web

browsers.



26

TCP/IP

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET
PROTOCOL

TCP/IP has been adopted as the official

communication protocol of the Internet.
TCP and IP have different functions that

work together to ensure reliable
communication over the Internet.



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TCP
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
 Purpose is to ensure the integrity of communication
 Breaks ﬁles and messages into individual units called

packets



28

IP
INTERNET PROTOCOL
 A set of rules that controls how data is sent

between computers on the Internet.

 IP routes a packet to the correct destination

address.

 The packet gets successively forwarded to

the next closest router (a hardware device
designed to move network traffic) until it
reaches its destination.
http://visualroute.visualware.com/
http://www.tracert.com/cgi-bin/trace.pl



29

IP ADDRESS
Each device connected to the Internet

has a unique numeric IP address.

These addresses consist of a set of four

groups of numbers, called octets.
74.125.95.104 will get you Google!

An IP address may correspond to a

domain name.



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DOMAIN NAME
 Locates an organization or other

entity on the Internet
 Domain Name System

◦ Divides the Internet into logical groups and

understandable names
◦ Associates unique computer IP Addresses with
the text-based domain names you type into a
web browser
◦ Browser: http://google.com
◦ IP Address: 74.125.95.104



31

UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER
URI – Uniform Resource Identifier
 identifies a resource on the Internet

URL – Uniform Resource Locator
 a type of URI which represents the network location

of a resource such as a web page, a graphic file, or an
MP3 file.



32

TLD
TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN NAME
A top-level domain (TLD) identiﬁes

the right-most part of the domain
name.
Current generic TLDs:

.com, .org, .net, .mil, .gov, .edu,
.int, .aero, .asia, .cat, .jobs, .name,
.biz, .mobi, .museum, .info, .coop,
.post, .pro, .tel, .travel, .xxx


33

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
The Domain Name System (DNS) associates

Domain Names with IP addresses.
Web
Browser

Domain Name
IP Address

DNS
Web
Server

Use TPC/IP
to send HTTP Request
Use TCP/IP
to send HTTP Responses
with web page files & images
Web Browser
displays web page

35


35

MARKUP LANGUAGES
SGML – Standard Generalized Markup

Language
 A standard for specifying a markup language or

tag set

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
 The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a

ﬁle intended for display on a web browser.



36

MARKUP LANGUAGES (2)
XML – eXtensible Markup

Language

 A text-based language designed to describe, deliver,

and exchange structured information.

 It is not intended to replace HTML –

it is intended to extend the power of HTML by
separating data from presentation.



37

XHTML – eXtensible Hypertext

Markup Language

 Developed by the W3C as the reformulation of HTML

4.0 as an application of XML.

 It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and

the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML.



38


HTML 5
The next version of HTML 4

and XHTML

http://www.w3.org/html/



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Ch. 1 Assessment:
Learning Outcomes - Know the following



42

Ch. 1 HTML5, CIS 110 13F

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Ch. 1 HTML5, CIS 110 13F