Ch02
- 1. Chapter 2 Communication and Its Functions
- 2. Function and Structure Relationship • Communication Functions and Structure are highly interrelated • Major breakdowns in either can render the communication system in an organization inoperative (Farace, Monge & Russell, 1977)
- 3. Communication, Information, and Meaning Traditional Perspective: • Communication is shared meaning created among two or more people through verbal and nonverbal transaction
- 4. Communication, Information, and Meaning • Information and Meaning • Verbal Behavior Ambiguity Group-Restricted Codes • Nonverbal Behavior Paralanguage Body Language Space
- 5. Functions of Communication • Traditionalist Function Categories • Interpretive Perspective on Function • Critical Perspectives on Function • Interpersonal Communication: Relationship Development Among Workers
- 6. Traditionalist Function Categories • Production, Maintenance, and Innovation • Dance and Larson’s Communication Functions • Uncertainty and Information Adequacy • Social Capital
- 7. Traditional Function Categories Farace, Monge and Russell (1977) • Production • Maintenance • Innovation
- 8. Dance and Larson’s Communication Functions • Linking • Mentation • Regulatory
- 9. Uncertainty and Information Adequacy • Creating and Reducing Uncertainty • Adequacy of Information –Absolute Information –Distributed Information
- 10. Social Capital • Features of social organization, such as trust, norms, and networks, that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions (Putnam,1993)
- 11. Interpretive Perspectives on Function • George Herbert Mead: Symbolic Interactionism • Berger and Luckmann: Communication as Construction
- 12. George Herbert Mead: Symbolic Interactionism • Subjective World View (people actively create the world in which they live) • Utilitarian Perspective (we base our knowledge of the world on what is useful to us) • Focus on the act: overt and covert human action; relationship between stimulus and response • Self and Generalized Other • I and Me
- 13. Berger and Luckmann: Communication as Construction • People tend to develop repetitive patterns of behavior • We depend on the habits of others • Reification: passing habits and behavioral expectations to future generations • The reality of everyday life in organizations • Messages may also have multiple meanings
- 14. Critical Perspectives on Function • Mikhail Bakhtin: Communication as Dialogic • Control and Manipulation
- 15. Mikhail Bakhtin: Communication as Dialogic • Dialogism: all human discourse presupposes discourse that precedes and follows it. Each utterance is only a link in a chain • Dialectic Tensions: all interaction involves contradictions and tensions -Unity (Centripetal) -Difference (Centrifugal) • Dialogue focuses on struggles over meaning
- 16. Control and Manipulation • Hegemony: oppressed group identifies the dominant group’s interests as their own • Systemically Distorted Communication: distorted communication legitimizes hegemony through manipulation by making it appear to be something other than it really is
- 17. Interpersonal Communication • Relational Development Among Workers • Perspectives on Relational Development Among Workers
- 18. Relational Development Among Workers • Acquaintances • Friends • Close Friends • Intimate Friends
- 19. Perspectives on Relational Development • Traditional Perspective Communicating to get the job done • Interpretive Perspective Developing shared meanings • Critical Perspective Contesting meanings through dialogue