CHA Report (Final)
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The document discusses type 2 diabetes, which disproportionately affects African American females. It provides statistics on diabetes nationally, in South Carolina, and locally in Columbia. 29.1 million Americans have diabetes, including 8.1 million undiagnosed cases. African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than other groups. Eating habits and sedentary lifestyles are important risk factors. Several organizations work to address diabetes, including the International Diabetes Federation, American Diabetes Association, and Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina.
CHA Report (Final)
- 1. CHA Report: Diabetes By: Bella Luttmer, Caroline Chandler, Kaitlyn Watts, Rachel Reeves, and Robyn Fortune The most common form of diabetes is type II, also be referred to as hyperglycemia, this particular subdivision of diabetes is characterized by irregularly high glucose (sugar) levels (CDC, 2014). People with type II diabetes have a medical complication called insulin resistance (CDC, 2014). In short, this means that their body does not properly regulate and use the insulin it creates. Due to this obstacle, the pancreas is forced to create extra insulin, however, over time, the pancreas can no longer keep up with the high demand needed to maintain stable glucose levels, resulting in high levels of glucose (American Diabetes Association, 2014). Type II diabetes is one of the leading diseases that haunt the United States. Unfortunately, the occurrence of type II diabetes is disproportionate among African Americans and even more so with African American females in comparison to other ethnicities. Diabetes is a disease that affects people in all parts of the country regardless of socio-economic status. On a national level, diabetes affects 29.1 million people in which 8.1 million go undiagnosed (CDC, 2014). The amount of people living with diabetes in the United States is equal to the whole population of Venezuela (Venezuela country profile, 2012). Within South Carolina, during the year 2011, around 200 people were living with diabetes (CDC, 2014). On a more relatable note, locally, in Columbia, SC, 31,545 people are living with diabetes (CDC, 2014). Data suggests that African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with some form of diabetes than other populations (CDC, 2014). The age group for our population was chosen because
- 2. we wanted to show the group that would benefit most from secondary prevention, as the age group above this is the most commonly diagnosed (CDC, 2014). This chart shows the number of people diagnosed with type II diabetes in the state of South Carolina from the years 1993 to 2011 by age category. On a local level, 31,545 people are affected with diabetes (CDC, 2014). Nationally, the outlook is much more profound with 29.1 million or 9.3% of the population (CDC, 2014). To make this a little clearer, this number and population percentage is a little more than the whole population of Texas. Diabetes adds many other health problems to people’s lives along with the basics that come with the disease; including hyperglycemia, Glaucoma, and Nephropathy.
- 3. On a national level, the age-adjusted incidence of diabetes had continued to rise in the past years, while the incidence in men has decreased (CDC, 2015). Based on race, Hispanics and African Americans display a higher incidence rate of diabetes than Caucasians.
- 4. On a state level, South Carolina has a higher prevalence of diabetes than a lot of states in the U.S. Based on gender, the male and female prevalence rates have both been rising within the past years, however the females rate has been rising at a faster pace (CDC, 2015).
- 7. Behavioral & Environmental Diagnosis Predisposing risk factors are due to lack of knowledge. People may be unaware of their dietary habits and how it can lead to type 2 Diabetes. Or in genetics they may not know their family's history of diabetes and may even lack the knowledge that type 2 diabetes is genetic. Enabling factors, lack of access to a gym without the ability to be activity leads to sedentary behavior, which is also a risk factor of type II diabetes. There is a connection between time spent sitting in front of the television and diabetes risk. Data
- 8. suggest that 90 percent of type 2 diabetes in women is caused by excess weight, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and drinking alcohol. Reinforcing eating habits since it is linked to diabetes. It becomes the obsession with eating right is often what the doctors reinforce with their types 2 diabetes patients. More important Less important More changeable · Eating Habits · Sedentary behavior BMI Less Changeable · Environmental estrogen · Genetics · Impaired glucose regulation · Blood Glucose levels · White blood cell levels · Smoking and alcohol consumption Eating habits affect the outcome of diabetes type II due to the effects it has on your body such as weight gain and pressure on internal organs (Rivellese, 2007). While sedentary behaviors affect the possibility of diabetes type II due to the lack of activity and weight gain as well (Bi, 2012). Community Based Organization International Diabetes Federation International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is a global advocate for people with diabetes. This organization consists of 230 national diabetes associations in 170 countries and territories. It represents the interests of the growing number of people with diabetes and those at risk. The Federation has been leading the global diabetes community since 1950. (What We Do- International Diabetes Federation). Mission: The mission of the International Diabetes Federation is to promote diabetes care, prevention and a cure worldwide. (Mission- International Diabetes Federation)
- 9. Type of Organization: As a strong non-governmental organisation with the support of over 230 Members and economically powerful partners, IDF has the opportunity to address these challenges. (Mission- International Diabetes Federation) Contact Information: Email: info@idf.org Tel: +32-2-5385511 Programs and services: IDF focus areas: Advocacy, Awareness, Education, Epidemiology and Prevention, Essential Care, Guidelines, Health Economics, Translational Research, Women and diabetes (What We Do- International Diabetes Federation) Key Activities: Bridges: Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems (http://www.idf.org/bridges) IDF Diabetes Atlas (http://www.diabetesatlas.org/) Diabetes Voice (http://www.idf.org/diabetesvoice/issues) Life for a Child: An International Diabetes Federation Programme (http://www.idf.org/lifeforachild) World Diabetes Congress (https://www.idf.org/worlddiabetescongress/general- information) World Diabetes Day (http://www.idf.org/wdd-index/) Young Leaders in Diabetes: A Project of the International Diabetes Federation (http://www.idf.org/youngleaders) Homepage: http://www.idf.org/ American Diabetes Association: American Diabetes Association is the moving force behind the work of the Association is a network of more than one million volunteers, a membership of more than 441,000 people with diabetes, their families and caregivers, a professional society of nearly 16,500 health care professionals, as well as more than 800 staff members (Who We Are- Diabetes.org). This organization runs an exceptional website with all information about diabetes ranging from the risks to diabetes basics to living with diabetes to ways to give (and so much more)! Mission: To prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. (American Diabetes Association- .org)
- 10. Type of Organization: The ADA is America's leading 501(c)3 nonprofit charity providing diabetes research, information and advocacy. (American Diabetes Association- wiki) Contact: 1701 North Beauregard Street Alexandria, VA 22311 1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383) Programs and Services: Programs: Center for Information and Community Support Family Link Community Initiatives Events: Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes (http://stepout.diabetes.org/site/PageServer?pagename=OUT_homepage) Tour de Cure (http://tour.diabetes.org/site/PageServer?pagename=TC_homepage) School Walk for Diabetes (http://schoolwalk.diabetes.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SW_homepage) BAD Ride (http://badride.diabetes.org/site/PageServer?pagename=BR_homepage) Father of the Year (http://main.diabetes.org/site/PageServer?pagename=FOTY_homepage) Homepage: http://www.diabetes.org/ Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina: The Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC) was created by legislative action and signed into law by the Governor of South Carolina in July, 1994. The law established a Board of Directors with members appointed by the top officials of key organizations with an interest in diabetes and its complications. The Board has met quarterly since its beginning. The Initiative represents a unique melding of private, state, and federal resources and agencies toward this common goal. Nationally, South Carolina has a leading program, which coordinates public efforts in the identification and management of this incurable chronic disease. (Endocrinology - Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina)
- 11. Mission: The purpose of the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina is to develop and implement a comprehensive statewide plan of community outreach programs, health professional education, and diabetes surveillance. The goal is to provide the tools for management of the disease in order to reduce severe complications and cost burdens for South Carolinians who suffer from diabetes mellitus. (Endocrinology - Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina) Type of Organization: The Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC) was created by legislative action and signed into law by the Governor of South Carolina in July, 1994. The law established a Board of Directors with members appointed by the top officials of key organizations with an interest in diabetes and its complications. The Board has met quarterly since its beginning. (Endocrinology - Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina) Contact: Please send inquiries to: Julie Benke-Bennett (benkej@musc.edu) Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 816 MSC 624 Charleston, SC 29425-6240 Phone (843) 876-0968 Fax (843) 876-0998 Program and Services: Board of Directors - oversees all activities of the Center of Excellence Council, Outreach Council, Surveillance Council, and all appointed Committees. Center of Excellence Council - responsible for developing and administering professional education programs Outreach Council - oversees and directs efforts in patient education and primary care on a community level Surveillance Council - responsible for acquiring, analyzing and distributing epidemiologic information about diabetes DSC/Midlands Site - responsible for creating, identifying and integrating programs of the Diabetes Initiative of SC in the Midlands Area. Intensive Management of Diabetes in the Hospital Task Force and Steering Committee - initiates implementation of a statewide program of inpatient glycemic management and metabolic control to reduce patient mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization and cost of care. Homepage/Relevant Information: http://clinicaldepartments.musc.edu/medicine/divisions/endocrinology/dsc https://www.scdhec.gov/Health/docs/DSC%20Eval%20Rport%203- 2011.pdf
- 12. To conclude, health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that is experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. African American females ages 25-35 suffer greatly from the health disparity that is type II diabetes. The facts presented show there is a clear disparity facing this population. There are numerous national, state and local organizations dedicated to ending the type II diabetes endemic in America. Along with these organizations there are changes to be made in the behaviors of those at risk for developing type II diabetes.
- 13. References: "Age-Adjusted Incidence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 1,000 Population Aged 18-79 Years, by Sex, United States, 1980-2014." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Dec. 2015. Web. 12 Apr. 2016. American Diabetes Association (2014). Diabetes basics. Retrieved from http: // www. diabetes. org/living-with-diabetes/complications/?loc=lwd-slabnav American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.diabetes.org/ American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Diabetes_Association Black History Facts 365. (2016). African americans and type II diabetes. Retrieved from African Americans And Type 2 Diabetes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Diabetes public health resource. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/?s_cid=cdc_homepage_topmenu_001 Cook, L. (2015). America's Problem With Diabetes, in One Map. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2015/04/09/americas-problem-with- diabetes-in-one-map Endocrinology - Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://clinicaldepartments.musc.edu/medicine/divisions/endocrinology/dsc Mission- International Diabetes Federation. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.idf.org/mission Venezuela country profile. (2012, December 6). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http:// news. bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1229345.stm Who We Are. (n.d.). Retrieved April 07, 2016, from http://www.diabetes.org/about- us/who-we-are/?loc=superfooter What We Do- International Diabetes Federation. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.idf.org/whatwedo
- 16. The United States has a Problem with Type 2 Diabetes (2016).