Challenges to airport
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The document discusses airport foreign object debris (FOD), including definitions and responsibilities of airports and airlines. It describes common sources of FOD, such as infrastructure degradation, construction materials, and jet blast. Methods for controlling FOD include training, inspections, coordinated maintenance and communication between airports and airlines. New technologies like radar and cameras can also detect FOD on runways and taxiways. The key is an active, team-based effort between all parties to identify, remove and prevent FOD to improve safety.
Challenges to airport
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- 2. What is “Airport FOD” Definitions The Airport Role The Airline Role How is Airside FOD Generated How to Control the FOD Problem Conclusions 2
- 3. It Can Be A Bolt, Concrete Chip, Piece of Paper, Paint Can, Tire Tread, etc. 3
- 4. A substance, debris, or article alien to a vehicle or system which would potentially cause damage Any damage attributed to a foreign object that can be expressed in physical or economic terms which may or may not degrade the products safety and/or performance characteristics 4
- 5. Engine Ingestion on the Aircraft Aircraft damage Velocity Impact of Debris Launched by Jet Blast Into Other Aircraft, Personnel (Ramp/Passengers) and Buildings 5
- 6. A re-treaded tire that delaminated and left debris behind. 6
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- 8. The Responsibility for Cleanliness by Airports Serving Scheduled Airlines is as Follows: International Civil Aviation Organization - Annex 14 – Standard • The surface of a paved runway shall be maintained in a condition so as to provide good friction characteristics and low rolling resistance. • Snow, slush, ice, standing water, mud, dust, sand, oil, rubber deposits and other contaminants shall be removed as rapidly and completely as possible to minimize accumulation. 8
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- 10. • Airlines Generate Much of the FOD Found on the Airside Through Their Operations and Those of their Support Functions User Agreements Typically Identify the Agency Responsible for Cleaning Various Areas. 10
- 11. Infrastructure – Physical Degradation of the Airport Surfaces and Facilities – Airside Maintenance/Construction Activities Operational Activities – Servicing & Maintenance of Aircraft – Windborne Debris from Adjacent Areas – Operation of Aircraft (Jet Blast) Personnel Weather Phenomena 11
- 12. • Broken Pieces of Pavement Collect at Edge of Gate Area, Then Are Carried Out Via Vehicle Tires • Loose Pieces of Construction Material Can be Blown From the Gate Area Onto the Maneuvering Areas 12
- 13. On a 150 FT (45m) Wide Runway, The #1 and #4 Engines Can Blow FOD from Shoulder Area Back Onto The Runway Jet Blast From Aircraft Turning At RW/TW Intersections Can Blow FOD Onto Runway 13
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- 15. Training Inspection by Airline and Airport Personnel Maintenance Activities Communication/Coordination New Technology Opportunities 15
- 16. Both Airline and Airport Personnel Need Training to: – Identify FOD – Know the Potential Results of Ignoring FOD – Know How to Eliminate FOD – Recurrent Training Key to This Effort Is the ACTIVE Participation of All Personnel, Especially Airline Station Management and Flight Crews 16
- 17. Airline Personnel Should Participate, When Able, With the Airport Staff During the Daily Airside Inspections (This Will Ensure That the Local Airline Staff Know What Is Happening on the Airfield) FOD Inspections Must Be Carried Out at Regular Intervals Airlines Should Designate Individuals to Ensure That the Gate Areas Are Acceptable Prior to the Aircraft Operating There 17
- 18. Sweeping Operations Should Be Scheduled And Available On An “As Needed” Basis. Airlines Need To Provide Access To Gate Areas Capability Must Exist to Respond to Repair Problem Areas (Hole in Taxiway, Etc.) So As To Minimize the FOD Potential Funding Must Exist to Maintain Paved Surfaces In Good Condition Procedures Must Be In Place (Airport & Airline) For Weather/Disaster Recovery, To Include FOD Removal 18
- 19. Rumble (Shaker) Strips Can be Used to Dislodge FOD From Vehicle Undercarriage Prior to Operating on the AOA These are Locally Manufactured and Can be Transportable 19
- 20. TOW-BEHIND AIRPORT SWEEPER Hitched to a tow vehicle, such as pickup truck or baggage tug, tow-behind airport sweepers are popular with budget-conscious facilities seeking to maximize their capital purchases. Depending upon the model and its condition, advantages can include better sweeping efficiency among the more innovative designs, increased portability, and lower purchase and maintenance costs. AIRPORT SWEEPER TRUCK As a self-contained vehicle, airport sweeper trucks are popular with facilities seeking convenience of use; also with commercial sweeping contractors. Depending upon the model and its condition, advantages can include less work for the operator, the ability collect both liquid and solid foreign object debris (in some models), and 20 improved operability during severe weather.
- 21. MAGNETIC AIRPORT SWEEPER Built with powerful magnetized bars, magnetic airport sweepers are popular at facilities where metallic foreign object debris is a major problem. Since the bar is usually attached just below the bumper of a motor vehicle, the major advantage is the ability to collect FOD passively while performing other functions, such as driving a squad car on a security HUMAN AIRPORT SWEEPER Not all sweepers are machines. The “FOD Walk”, for instance, is an established and colorful military tradition, during which a line of personnel walks the entire length of the flight area in search of foreign object debris. FOD Walks are especially popular aboard aircraft carriers, where crowded and windy flight decks are too unstable for most airport sweepers. 21
- 22. Notification of Airside Construction Activities and Scheduled Maintenance Must Be Disseminated to the Airport Users Airport Pre-Construction Planning Must Include the Methodology to Control and Contain FOD Generated by the Construction Activity Airlines Need an Active Airport Users Committee to Coordinate Their FOD Control Efforts With the Airport and Other Tenants 22
- 23. AC 150/5220-24, Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Detection Equipment describes: • Stationary Radar - A radar detection system, able to detect a metallic cylindrical target measuring 1.2 in. (3.0 cm) high and 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) in diameter at ranges of up to 0.6 mile (1 km). Sensors are located 165 ft (50.0 m) or more from the runway center line. • Stationary Electro-Optical – An electro-optical detection system, able to detect a 0.80 in. (2.0 cm) object target at ranges of up to 985 ft (300. m) using only ambient lighting. Sensors are located 490 ft (150 m) or more from the runway center line. 23
- 24. • Stationary Hybrid – Uses both an electro-optical and radar sensor in a unit collocated with the runway edge lights. The system is able to detect a 0.8 in. (2 cm) target on the runway. • Mobile Radar - A radar detection system mounted on top of a vehicle that scans the surface in front of the vehicle when moving. The radar scans an area 600. ft by 600. ft (183 m by 183 m) to detect FOD items measuring 1.2 in (3.0 cm) high and 1.5 in (3.8 cm) in diameter. The system can operate at speeds of up to 30 mph (50km/h), supplementing human/visual inspections. 24
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- 26. 26 Control FOD Through a Combination of the Following: – Training – Inspection – Maintenance – Communication/Coordination – New Technology Opportunities Airlines Need an Active Airport Users Committee To Coordinate Their FOD Control Efforts With the Airport And Other Tenants FOD Is Everyone’s Responsibility and by Teamwork It Can Be Controlled!
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