Chap13 scr
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This document describes how to use LaTeX to control page layout and formatting. It discusses parameters that control margins, headers, footers, and other page elements. It also introduces the fancyhdr package for customizing headers and footers, including for two-sided documents. Finally, it discusses creating a nomenclature using the nomencl package to automatically generate a list of symbols.
![The performance of new graduates
page body
4
From: K. Grant
To: Dean A. Smith
This can be produced by using the commands:
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
fancyhead{} % clear all fields
fancyhead[RO,LE]{bf The performance of new graduates}
fancyfoot[LE,RO]{thepage}
fancyfoot[LO,CE]{From: K. Grant}
fancyfoot[CO,RE]{To: Dean A. Smith}
renewcommand{headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
renewcommand{footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
Items and lists
Some more tricks
Title Page
The default layout in fancyhdr is produced by the following commands:
fancyhead[LE,RO]{slshaperightmark}
fancyhead[LO,RE]{slshapeleftmark}
fancyfoot[C]{thepage}
The default values for headrulewidth and footrulewidth are 0.4pt and 0pt respectively.
Page 8 of 23
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![13.3.1.
Package options
The nomencl package provides the following options:
refeq
norefeq
refpage
The phrase “, see equation ( eq )” is appended to every entry in the nomenclature where eq is the number of the last equation in front of the corresponding
command nomenclature.
This is the default option; using this no equation number is printed.
The phrase “, see page ( page )” is appended to every entry in the nomenclature
where page is the number of the page on which the corresponding command
nomenclature appeared.
norefpage
prefix
No page reference is printed; default option.
Every sort key is preceded by the letter “a” (changeable); default option.
noprefix
cfg
nocfg
Groups
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
Some more tricks
No prefix is used for sorting.
A configuration file nomencl.cfg is loaded, if it exists; default option.
The configuration file is not loaded.
croatian, danish, english, french, german, italian, polish, russian, spanish, ukranian
The reference texts and the nomenclature title will appear in the corresponding
language. In order to use Russian or Ukranian, you’ll need to have Cyrillic fonts
◦
installed and might need a replacement for MakeIndex, e.g. xındy2 . The default
option is english.
13.3.2.
A
Page layout in LTEX
Usage and examples
The nomenclature command has the following syntax:
nomenclature[ perfix ]{ symbol }{ description }
2
Title Page
Page 10 of 23
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◦
For more information on xındy, please see http://gemini.iti.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/xindy/ or
http://sourceforge.net/projects/xindy/.
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![where prefix is used for fine tuning the sort order, symbol is the symbol to be described,
and description is the actual description. The package provides macros in order to change
the referencing behavior for single entries. These macros are: refeq, norefeq, refpage,
norefpage, refeqpage, and norefeqpage. Note that the use of these macros locally inside
the command nomeclature always supersedes the package options, and can be used in order
to produce the desired effect. The following example will more clearly illustrate the usage of
the package.
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
documentclass{article}
usepackage{nomencl}
makeglossary
renewcommand{nomgroup}[1]{%
ifthenelse{equal{#1}{A}}{item[textbf{Roman symbols}]}{%
ifthenelse{equal{#1}{G}}{item[textbf{Greek symbols}]}{}}{}}
begin{document}
printglossary
section{Dimensionless ratios of transport coefficients}
The {em Lewis number} is defined as
begin{equation}
mathrm{Le} equiv frac{lambda}{rho C_p mathcal{D}} =
frac{alpha}{mathcal{D}} end{equation}%
nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Le}$}{Lewis number}%
nomenclature[ga ]{$lambda$}{Thermal conductivity}%
nomenclature[ga ]{$rho$}{Density}%
nomenclature[a ]{$C_p$}{Constant-pressure specific heat}%
nomenclature[g ]{$mathcal{D}$}{Mass diffusivity}%
nomenclature[g ]{$alpha$}{Thermal diffusivity}%
The {em Prandtl number} is defined as
Fun with floats
Items and lists
Some more tricks
Title Page
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![begin{equation}
mathrm{Pr} equiv frac{C_p mu}{lambda} = frac{nu}{alpha}
end{equation}%
nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Pr}$}{Prandtl number}%
nomenclature[ga ]{$mu$}{Dynamic viscosity}%
nomenclature[ga ]{$nu$}{Momentum diffusivity}%
The {em Schmidt number} is defined as
begin{equation}
mathrm{Sc} equiv frac{mu}{mathcal{D}}end{equation}%
nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Sc}$}{Schmidt number}
end{document}
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
Some more tricks
Title Page
As mentioned above, the nomencl package makes use of the MakeIndex program in order to proA
duce the nomenclature list. On running the file through LTEX, the command makeglossary inA
structs it to open the glossary file jobname .glo corresponding to the LTEX file jobname .tex
and writes the information from the nomenclature commands to this file. The next step is to
invoke MakeIndex in order to produce the jobname .gls file. This can be achieved by making
use of the command:
makeindex jobname .glo -s nomencl.ist -o jobname .gls
The next step is to invoke EX on the file jobname .tex once more. This will input the .gls
file and process it according to the given options.
Page 12 of 23
A
LT
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The code given in the above example produces the following nomeclature list:
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![13.4.1.1.
Usage
The package can be loaded by using
usepackage[ options ]{subfigure}
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
in the document preamble. The various options included in the package are:
normal
hang
Provides ‘normal’ captions; this is the default.
Gives a hanging indentation to the caption paragraph.
center
centerlast
This causes each line of the caption paragraph to be separately centered.
Only the last line of the caption paragraph is centered.
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
Some more tricks
Title Page
nooneline
A caption line fitting on a single line is centered by default; this option causes the
same to be left-justified.
scriptsize, . . . , Large
Sets the font size of the captions.
up, it, sl, sc, md, bf, rm, sf, tt
Sets the font attributes of the captions.
The following commands can be used within a figure or table environment to create subfigures
or subtables. The amount of vertical space between the figure and the caption can be controlled
by subfigcapskip. By default, this is set to 10pt. subfigbottomskip denotes the amount of
vertical space added at the bottom; the default value is 10pt.
13.4.1.2.
Examples
The following example makes use of the subfigure package to put two figures side by side.
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![HELLO
This is the second one.
(b) Second figure
(a) First figure
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
Figure 13.2 A simple example
Fun with floats
Note that the subfigures 13.2(a) and 13.2(b) in the figure 13.2 are aligned along the bottom.
These are obtained using the following code:
begin{figure}
centering
subfigure[First figure]{label{fig-a}. . . }hspace{.75cm}
subfigure[Second figure]{label{fig-b}. . . }
caption{A simple example}label{two-figs}
end{figure}
Two
Four
() Table 1
Table 13.11 This is it!
Some more tricks
Title Page
Page 15 of 23
It is similarly possible to obtain tables side by side.
One
Three
Items and lists
Another
But
than
small
slightly
previous
table
bigger
one
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() Second table
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![13.4.2.
Rotating figures
Figure 13.3: A rotated figure.
begin{figure}
centering
begin{minipage}[c]{0.6in}
rotatebox{90}{fcolorbox{orange}{gray10}{myfont TEST }}
end{minipage}
begin{minipage}[c]{0.4in}
rotcaption{A rotated figure.}
end{minipage}
end{figure}
TEST
The rotating package provides the rotcaption command which makes it possible to rotate
the caption thus enabling to typeset a figure in landscape mode.
Another option to obtain the rotated caption is to use the command rotatebox in the same way
as in the previous example and include the argument in a parbox. The rotating package also
provides two environments sidewaysfigure and sidewaystable which are very similar to the
regular figure and table environments except that these turn the contents through 90 degrees
counterclockwise. The package also provides the turn environment that allows to rotate the
contents through an arbitrary angle.
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
Some more tricks
Title Page
Page 16 of 23
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13.5.
Items and lists
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13.5.1.
The shortlst package
Close
The shortlst package is very useful for typesetting a list of short items. The regular itemize
environment leaves
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![a lot
of
white
space.
A
Page layout in LTEX
The shortlst package provides the following environments:
Groups
shortitemize
runitemize
shortenumerate
runenumerate
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
The shortitemize and the shortenumerate environments can be used for small list items in
a manner very similar to the regular itemize and enumerate environments. The following
example illustrates the use of shortitemize:
Some more tricks
Title Page
begin{shortitemize}
item{the {sf itemize} environment}
item{leaves}
item{a lot}
item{of}
item{white space.}
end{shortitemize}
the itemize environment
leaves
a lot
of
white space.
Page 17 of 23
The environment also provides an optional argument that can be used to specify the width of
the default allotment of space (the default is 65pt). For example, using
begin{shortitemize}[the {sf itemize} environment] will produce:
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the itemize environment
of
leaves
white space.
a lot
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![Instead of using the optional argument, the width of the item can also be set using the command shortitemwidth. The use of the shortenumerate environment is very similar to that of
shortitemize. Both these environments can be a part of an item of a regular list environment.
However, note that no list environment can be used within any of these list environments. The
other two environments, runenumerate and runitemize, provided with this package can be used
for items that do not need a displayed paragraph. The following example illustrates the use of
the runenumerate environment:
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
You have three choices:
begin{runenumerate}
item wash your hands,
item postpone it until tomorrow, or
item label{choice}stay dirty.
end{runenumerate}
I choose ref{choice}!
Fun with floats
Items and lists
You have three choices:(1) wash your hands,
(2) postpone it until tomorrow, or(3) stay
dirty.I choose 3!
Some more tricks
Title Page
The commands parbox or minipage can be used in case a few lists are too long to fit on a
single line. The length labelsep denotes the separation between the label and the item; and
labelwidth denotes the width of the labels. runitemsep denotes the space between the items
of a runenumerate or runitemize environment.
Page 18 of 23
13.5.2.
The multienum package
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This package is especially useful for generating an enumerated list involving short items, e.g.
the solutions manual for a text. The package provides the multienumerate environment that
has an optional argument for enumerating even-only or odd-only arrays.
begin{multienumerate}[ option ] . . . end{multienumerate}
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![
−5
12. 1
5
√
22. arccos(9/ 85) ≈ 0.22 radians
−2
16. 4
0
√
24. 10
30. x = 2 and y = 1/2
32. C + A = 2πr + πr2
20
14.
−5
41
18.
52
26.
√
3
12
20. 8
4
28. Not defined
34.
−1
2
The code that produced the above enumerated list is given below4 :
A
Page layout in LTEX
Groups
Creating a . . .
Fun with floats
Items and lists
defMatrix#1{begin{pmatrix}#1end{pmatrix}}
begin{multienumerate}[evenlist]
mitemxxxxx{3 X 2}{2}{3}{1}{Not defined}
mitemxxxxx{$Matrix{-5 cr 1 cr 5}$}{$Matrix{20 cr -5}$}%
{$Matrix{-2 cr 4 cr 0}$}{$Matrix{41 cr 52}$}{$Matrix{12 cr 8 cr 4}$}
mitemxoxxx{arccos(9/$sqrt{85}$) $approx$ 0.22 radians}%
{$sqrt{10}$}{$sqrt{3}$}{Not defined}
mitemxoxox{$x = 2$ and $y = 1/2$}{$C + A = 2pi r + pi rˆ2$}{$Matrix{-1 cr 2}$}
end{multienumerate}
Some more tricks
Title Page
Page 20 of 23
4
The mitemxoxxx and mitemxoxox commands have been defined in a similar manner to the other commands in
the package.
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Chap13 scr
- 1. Indian TEX Users Group : http://www.river-valley.com/tug A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . 13 Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page A On-line Tutorial on LTEX The Tutorial Team Indian TEX Users Group, Buildings, Cotton Hills Trivandrum 695014, 2000 Page 1 of 23 Prof. (Dr.) K. S. S. Nambooripad, Director, Center for Mathematical Sciences, Trivandrum, (Editor); Dr. E. Krishnan, Reader in Mathematics, University College, Trivandrum; Mohit Agarwal, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; T. Rishi, Focal Image (India) Pvt. Ltd., Trivandrum; L. A. Ajith, Focal Image (India) Pvt. Ltd., Trivandrum; A. M. Shan, Focal Image (India) Pvt. Ltd., Trivandrum; C. V. Radhakrishnan, River Valley Technologies, Software Technology Park, Trivandrum constitute the Tutorial team A A This document is generated from LTEX sources compiled with pdfLTEX v. 14e in an INTEL Pentium III 700 MHz system running Linux kernel version 2.2.14-12. The packages used are hyperref.sty and pdfscreen.sty A c 2000, Indian TEX Users Group. This document may be distributed under the terms of the LTEX A Project Public License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LTEX distribution, either version 1.0 or, at your option, any later version Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 2. 13 A Gentle Reconnaissance A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . 13.1. A Page layout in LTEX Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks A LT A page in a EX document is built from various elements as shown in figure 13.1. In a twosided document, some parameters will be different for the even and odd pages. The figure shown gives the layout as on any odd page in the document. It also shows most of the parameters required in order to change the page style including the headers, footers and the margins. We shall now briefly discuss these and the other parameters that can be effectively used to control the page layout. Title Page The horizontal placement of the text can be set by specifying the following parameters: oddsidemargin It denotes the leftside margin (on odd numbered pages). It should be noted that leftmargin does not denote the leftside margin, it is instead used for the indentation of lists. evensidemargin It denotes the leftside margin (on even numbered pages). Note that unless the twoside option is chosen, the oddsidemargin and the evensidemargin should be the same. textwidth The width of the text. The parameters that control the vertical measurements are: topmargin Denotes the space between the header and the vertical offset. The latter is A equal to 1in + voffset. 1in is the default produced by LTEX. Page 2 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 3. headheight It denotes the height of the header. headsep Refers to the distance between the header and the body of the text. textheight Is the height of the actual text. The parameters that control the placement of the footer are: footskip footheight It is the distance between the body of the text and the footer. Denotes the height of the footer. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Margin notes can be created by using the marginpar command. The parameters controlling the margins are: Fun with floats marginparsep Some more tricks Denotes the separation between the body of the text and the margin. It should be noted that in a two-sided document the margins appear on different sides on two consecutive pages. Items and lists Title Page marginwidth Denotes the width of the margin. marginparpush It is the minimum vertical separation between two marginal notes. The commands that are needed in order to control paragraphing are: parskip parindent par Denotes the vertical space between two paragraphs. Denotes the width of paragraph indentation. Equivalent to a blank line. topsep It is extra vertical space (in addition to parskip), that is added above and below list and paragraphing environments. itemsep It is extra vertical space (in addition to parskip), that is added between two list items. Page 3 of 23 Go Back Full Screen The parameters defined above can be set to a particular value using the command Close setlength{parameter}{length} Quit
- 4. Another command that can be used to change the value of a parameter by a given length is addtolength{parameter}{length} A Page layout in LTEX 13.1.1. Page headers and footers A The page headers and footers in LTEX are defined by the pagestyle and pagenumbering commands. The pagestyle command defines the content of the headers & footers and provides the following options: empty No headers or footers. Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page plain No header, footer contains the page number centered. This is the default proA vided by LTEX. headings No footer, header contains the name of the chapter/section and/or subsection and the page number. myheadings No footer is provided, and the header contains the page number and the information given by the markright and markboth commands. However, for a much better control of the headers and footers, it’s recommended to use the fancyhdr package. Page 4 of 23 Go Back The command thispagestyle can be used to change the pagestyle of the current page in the document. Full Screen The pagenumbering command defines the format of the page number. The different parameters that can be used are: Close arabic roman numerals (default) Quit
- 5. roman lower case roman numerals Roman upper case roman numerals alph lower case letter Alph upper case letter thepage produces the page number in the format defined by pagenumbering. A Page layout in LTEX 13.1.2. The fancyhdr package Groups The fancyhdr package provides another parameter for specifying the pagestyle, the fancy style. By use of pagestyle{fancy}, one can specify three-part headers and footers. We shall illustrate it’s use with the help of some examples. The example below shows the page layout that can be created using the package fancyhdr. LeftHeader CenteredHeader RightHeader Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page page body LeftFooter CenteredFooter RightFooter Here is another nice example from the fancyhdr documentation. Page 5 of 23 The performance of new graduates Go Back page body Full Screen From: K. Grant To: Dean A. Smith 3 Close Quit
- 6. Quit Figure 13.1 Page elements. The values shown are those in effect in the current document (on odd pages), not the default. Close Full Screen Go Back htBtƒ¦ceht¦©`TU¦¦U„BU„8d „ y axV awT v h„† y T f R tBcph¦Bg'fBUqBd —S'‘8a¤gehBRE•–tBcW¤`'¦¦U'XV§'¦§Xd R S h„ y ag”„wv„S xwvu h„ y ahsV‘wv„S xwvu tBi'cW¦'©¦¦U'XV§'¦§Xd h„iˆr y hsV h T tB''‚…a¦'©‘¦'‰¦thBd htB'ce„BBg¦v'Ua8d „ri y T s T h„† y SV w u R tB‚…X§x'¦v§8„8UhBd h¦Bg'fBUBpc¤`XWUS8R T f Rqd b aYSV T ˆ † ¤Q ƒ i ©¡!¦ ¨ 9 Page 6 of 23 6 4 ¤3 h„‡’ y a sV‘wT„v„ tB''‚W¦h'©¦¦UBU8d h„† y hTgffRa tBpp¦B'B8d h„†r y „V “ghRRf tB'peX¤B'UBd t„B¤WWBB¦vU'X§'¦§Xd h iQ y „Tgw „SV xwv u h„†ƒˆ haxVTah‰Th tBt¦‚y…t¦©`U¦'¦tBd h„‡ haxVTasvTa tB‚y…t¦©`U¦¦'U8d ht¦ƒ¦‚€X§x'¦v§©ts©U'B'd „ y SV w uT VgssR hTgffRad b aYSV TS ¦B'B8ec¤`XWU8R Q 'Q ’ ‡ r Q @ 9 A ! 3A 6 A B3 5 5 5 6 ¤3 C 6 E 3A 5 D 5 6 ¤3 F Title Page 2¡ ©%¦10 )('%¨¦# $ £ 7 83 Some more tricks Items and lists Fun with floats Creating a . . . Groups A Page layout in LTEX P¤3 @ @ ¨¡¥£¡ ©§¦¤¢ 9 9 ¤3 G @ @ 9 I ¤3 9@ H ©3
- 7. This is accomplished by the commands following pagestyle{fancy}: lhead{} chead{} rhead{bf The performance of new graduates} lfoot{From: K. Grant} cfoot{To: Dean A. Smith} rfoot{thepage} renewcommand{headrulewidth}{0.4pt} renewcommand{footrulewidth}{0.4pt} A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks 13.1.3. Using fancyhdr in two-sided documents Title Page The fancyhdr package also provides the commands fancyhead and fancyfoot which are more general than the commands described above to define the header and the footer. These provide an additional parameter that specifies for which pages and/or parts of the header/footer those apply. The selectors that can be used are: E Even page O Odd page L Left field C Center field R Right field H Header F Footer Using these we can produce a two-sided document. Assuming the page layout shown above to be for the odd pages, we can have the following for the even pages: Page 7 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 8. The performance of new graduates page body 4 From: K. Grant To: Dean A. Smith This can be produced by using the commands: A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats fancyhead{} % clear all fields fancyhead[RO,LE]{bf The performance of new graduates} fancyfoot[LE,RO]{thepage} fancyfoot[LO,CE]{From: K. Grant} fancyfoot[CO,RE]{To: Dean A. Smith} renewcommand{headrulewidth}{0.4pt} renewcommand{footrulewidth}{0.4pt} Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page The default layout in fancyhdr is produced by the following commands: fancyhead[LE,RO]{slshaperightmark} fancyhead[LO,RE]{slshapeleftmark} fancyfoot[C]{thepage} The default values for headrulewidth and footrulewidth are 0.4pt and 0pt respectively. Page 8 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 9. 13.2. Groups A LTEX has an extremely nice feature of keeping text in groups thus enabling one to have different kinds of text wherever required. For example, one can have: The available font sizes are: tiny , scriptsize, footnotesize, small, normalsize, large, Large, LARGE, huge, and Huge. A new group is started by the character { and terminated by the character }. It is also possible to have groups nested within groups. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists If some paragraphs need to be typeset in a different way (like this one!), then it is necessary to include par or to use a blank line before closing the group, since otherwise the normal defaults will be restored before the paragraph is actually typeset. Some more tricks Title Page The empty group {} enables one to get some space after TEX in the output. One can also print a tilde using ˜{} (this will produce ˜). By using sim in math mode, we get ∼. A And to quote the advice in The Not So Short Introduction to LTEX 2ε : ! O Remember The M RE fonts beautiful it becom . 13.3. es you use in a document, the more and Creating a nomenclature In the process of writing a big document1 which involve a number of symbols, one often feels the need to include a nomenclature for the various symbols used in the text. The nomencl package provides a convenient way of doing so. It makes use of the MakeIndex program to generate such a list automatically by using the information provided by the author in the text. 1 Page 9 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close esp. mathematical documents, theses, books etc. Quit
- 10. 13.3.1. Package options The nomencl package provides the following options: refeq norefeq refpage The phrase “, see equation ( eq )” is appended to every entry in the nomenclature where eq is the number of the last equation in front of the corresponding command nomenclature. This is the default option; using this no equation number is printed. The phrase “, see page ( page )” is appended to every entry in the nomenclature where page is the number of the page on which the corresponding command nomenclature appeared. norefpage prefix No page reference is printed; default option. Every sort key is preceded by the letter “a” (changeable); default option. noprefix cfg nocfg Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks No prefix is used for sorting. A configuration file nomencl.cfg is loaded, if it exists; default option. The configuration file is not loaded. croatian, danish, english, french, german, italian, polish, russian, spanish, ukranian The reference texts and the nomenclature title will appear in the corresponding language. In order to use Russian or Ukranian, you’ll need to have Cyrillic fonts ◦ installed and might need a replacement for MakeIndex, e.g. xındy2 . The default option is english. 13.3.2. A Page layout in LTEX Usage and examples The nomenclature command has the following syntax: nomenclature[ perfix ]{ symbol }{ description } 2 Title Page Page 10 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close ◦ For more information on xındy, please see http://gemini.iti.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/xindy/ or http://sourceforge.net/projects/xindy/. Quit
- 11. where prefix is used for fine tuning the sort order, symbol is the symbol to be described, and description is the actual description. The package provides macros in order to change the referencing behavior for single entries. These macros are: refeq, norefeq, refpage, norefpage, refeqpage, and norefeqpage. Note that the use of these macros locally inside the command nomeclature always supersedes the package options, and can be used in order to produce the desired effect. The following example will more clearly illustrate the usage of the package. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . documentclass{article} usepackage{nomencl} makeglossary renewcommand{nomgroup}[1]{% ifthenelse{equal{#1}{A}}{item[textbf{Roman symbols}]}{% ifthenelse{equal{#1}{G}}{item[textbf{Greek symbols}]}{}}{}} begin{document} printglossary section{Dimensionless ratios of transport coefficients} The {em Lewis number} is defined as begin{equation} mathrm{Le} equiv frac{lambda}{rho C_p mathcal{D}} = frac{alpha}{mathcal{D}} end{equation}% nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Le}$}{Lewis number}% nomenclature[ga ]{$lambda$}{Thermal conductivity}% nomenclature[ga ]{$rho$}{Density}% nomenclature[a ]{$C_p$}{Constant-pressure specific heat}% nomenclature[g ]{$mathcal{D}$}{Mass diffusivity}% nomenclature[g ]{$alpha$}{Thermal diffusivity}% The {em Prandtl number} is defined as Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page Page 11 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 12. begin{equation} mathrm{Pr} equiv frac{C_p mu}{lambda} = frac{nu}{alpha} end{equation}% nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Pr}$}{Prandtl number}% nomenclature[ga ]{$mu$}{Dynamic viscosity}% nomenclature[ga ]{$nu$}{Momentum diffusivity}% The {em Schmidt number} is defined as begin{equation} mathrm{Sc} equiv frac{mu}{mathcal{D}}end{equation}% nomenclature[ax ]{$mathrm{Sc}$}{Schmidt number} end{document} A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page As mentioned above, the nomencl package makes use of the MakeIndex program in order to proA duce the nomenclature list. On running the file through LTEX, the command makeglossary inA structs it to open the glossary file jobname .glo corresponding to the LTEX file jobname .tex and writes the information from the nomenclature commands to this file. The next step is to invoke MakeIndex in order to produce the jobname .gls file. This can be achieved by making use of the command: makeindex jobname .glo -s nomencl.ist -o jobname .gls The next step is to invoke EX on the file jobname .tex once more. This will input the .gls file and process it according to the given options. Page 12 of 23 A LT Go Back The code given in the above example produces the following nomeclature list: Full Screen Close Quit
- 13. 13.4.1. 13.4. Using this package it is possible to include several small figures and tables within a single figure or table environment. This provides a convenient way of refering the subfigures; adding entries to the table of figures is also made possible. The subfigure package Fun with floats Quit Close Full Screen Go Back Page 13 of 23 Title Page Some more tricks Items and lists Fun with floats Creating a . . . Groups A Page layout in LTEX fehIPfcrE` m p G feiIuˆdPfc$h™f…oHaVTrE‡€vC h n f Ga v I ` efhIPfTCRdˆGubdt‡SvQHue m l G fd f E feIhTˆdVfIHa…HFC3€‚‡RvrYHi ˜ k f d E d Q ` feIhudhVfHji™…sRG€GQ h g f Ga f fehIfTˆdfVH$h™f…3€‚‡RvrYHi ˜ — Ga Q ` 8)$6–#3r1) •Fu”“’ 7!4 “ ‘ Yr$xHT‰uˆ‡(†i(„ …„ `w vaE I f v d d Yr$xHTƒR‚uH€ERQY y Y y `w vaE I rY$x(ustGsrq` p ` p `w vaE f SIQ2(icghfed`cVWGb`VY(VaGR2GR`(WXVUTESRQPIHFDB @A9 ` d Y I GEC )8$!653210(%$ 7 4 # ) ' #! ¨¦¤¡¢ ¥ © §¥ £
- 14. 13.4.1.1. Usage The package can be loaded by using usepackage[ options ]{subfigure} A Page layout in LTEX Groups in the document preamble. The various options included in the package are: normal hang Provides ‘normal’ captions; this is the default. Gives a hanging indentation to the caption paragraph. center centerlast This causes each line of the caption paragraph to be separately centered. Only the last line of the caption paragraph is centered. Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page nooneline A caption line fitting on a single line is centered by default; this option causes the same to be left-justified. scriptsize, . . . , Large Sets the font size of the captions. up, it, sl, sc, md, bf, rm, sf, tt Sets the font attributes of the captions. The following commands can be used within a figure or table environment to create subfigures or subtables. The amount of vertical space between the figure and the caption can be controlled by subfigcapskip. By default, this is set to 10pt. subfigbottomskip denotes the amount of vertical space added at the bottom; the default value is 10pt. 13.4.1.2. Examples The following example makes use of the subfigure package to put two figures side by side. Page 14 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 15. HELLO This is the second one. (b) Second figure (a) First figure A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Figure 13.2 A simple example Fun with floats Note that the subfigures 13.2(a) and 13.2(b) in the figure 13.2 are aligned along the bottom. These are obtained using the following code: begin{figure} centering subfigure[First figure]{label{fig-a}. . . }hspace{.75cm} subfigure[Second figure]{label{fig-b}. . . } caption{A simple example}label{two-figs} end{figure} Two Four () Table 1 Table 13.11 This is it! Some more tricks Title Page Page 15 of 23 It is similarly possible to obtain tables side by side. One Three Items and lists Another But than small slightly previous table bigger one Go Back Full Screen () Second table Close Quit
- 16. 13.4.2. Rotating figures Figure 13.3: A rotated figure. begin{figure} centering begin{minipage}[c]{0.6in} rotatebox{90}{fcolorbox{orange}{gray10}{myfont TEST }} end{minipage} begin{minipage}[c]{0.4in} rotcaption{A rotated figure.} end{minipage} end{figure} TEST The rotating package provides the rotcaption command which makes it possible to rotate the caption thus enabling to typeset a figure in landscape mode. Another option to obtain the rotated caption is to use the command rotatebox in the same way as in the previous example and include the argument in a parbox. The rotating package also provides two environments sidewaysfigure and sidewaystable which are very similar to the regular figure and table environments except that these turn the contents through 90 degrees counterclockwise. The package also provides the turn environment that allows to rotate the contents through an arbitrary angle. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page Page 16 of 23 Go Back 13.5. Items and lists Full Screen 13.5.1. The shortlst package Close The shortlst package is very useful for typesetting a list of short items. The regular itemize environment leaves Quit
- 17. a lot of white space. A Page layout in LTEX The shortlst package provides the following environments: Groups shortitemize runitemize shortenumerate runenumerate Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists The shortitemize and the shortenumerate environments can be used for small list items in a manner very similar to the regular itemize and enumerate environments. The following example illustrates the use of shortitemize: Some more tricks Title Page begin{shortitemize} item{the {sf itemize} environment} item{leaves} item{a lot} item{of} item{white space.} end{shortitemize} the itemize environment leaves a lot of white space. Page 17 of 23 The environment also provides an optional argument that can be used to specify the width of the default allotment of space (the default is 65pt). For example, using begin{shortitemize}[the {sf itemize} environment] will produce: Go Back Full Screen the itemize environment of leaves white space. a lot Close Quit
- 18. Instead of using the optional argument, the width of the item can also be set using the command shortitemwidth. The use of the shortenumerate environment is very similar to that of shortitemize. Both these environments can be a part of an item of a regular list environment. However, note that no list environment can be used within any of these list environments. The other two environments, runenumerate and runitemize, provided with this package can be used for items that do not need a displayed paragraph. The following example illustrates the use of the runenumerate environment: A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . You have three choices: begin{runenumerate} item wash your hands, item postpone it until tomorrow, or item label{choice}stay dirty. end{runenumerate} I choose ref{choice}! Fun with floats Items and lists You have three choices:(1) wash your hands, (2) postpone it until tomorrow, or(3) stay dirty.I choose 3! Some more tricks Title Page The commands parbox or minipage can be used in case a few lists are too long to fit on a single line. The length labelsep denotes the separation between the label and the item; and labelwidth denotes the width of the labels. runitemsep denotes the space between the items of a runenumerate or runitemize environment. Page 18 of 23 13.5.2. The multienum package Go Back This package is especially useful for generating an enumerated list involving short items, e.g. the solutions manual for a text. The package provides the multienumerate environment that has an optional argument for enumerating even-only or odd-only arrays. begin{multienumerate}[ option ] . . . end{multienumerate} Full Screen Close Quit
- 19. where the option evenlist produces an enumerated array using only even numbers, the option oddlist produces one using only odd numbers, and no option produces a consecutively enumerated array. Each row of the enumerated array is set using commands of the following form: mitemx{} mitemxx{}{} mitemxxx{}{}{} A single item in the row. Two items in the row. Three items in the row. mitemxox{}{} Three items in the row with the center item space left blank so the first item can extend into its space. Fun with floats Three items in the row with the last item left blank so the second item can extend into its space. Some more tricks mitemxxo{}{} A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . mitemxxxx{}{}{}{}Four items in the row. mitemxoxx{}{}{} Four items in the row with the second space left blank so the first item can extend into its space. mitemxxox{}{}{} Four items in the row with the third space left blank so the second item can extend into its space. mitemxxxo{}{}{} Title Page Four items in the row with the last space left blank so the third item can extend into its space. There can be a maximum of 4 enumerated entries in a single line3 . The character x in the above commands refer to an entry, while the character o refers to a blank entry, and the space for that entry gets utilized by the previous entry. The following example illustrates the use of the different commands that can be used to generate the enumerated list: 2. 3 X 2 Items and lists 4. 2 6. 3 8. 1 Page 19 of 23 Go Back Full Screen 10. Not defined Close 3 The example below illustrates 5 enumerated entries in a line; this is obtained by adding some simple macros in the package. Quit
- 20. −5 12. 1 5 √ 22. arccos(9/ 85) ≈ 0.22 radians −2 16. 4 0 √ 24. 10 30. x = 2 and y = 1/2 32. C + A = 2πr + πr2 20 14. −5 41 18. 52 26. √ 3 12 20. 8 4 28. Not defined 34. −1 2 The code that produced the above enumerated list is given below4 : A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists defMatrix#1{begin{pmatrix}#1end{pmatrix}} begin{multienumerate}[evenlist] mitemxxxxx{3 X 2}{2}{3}{1}{Not defined} mitemxxxxx{$Matrix{-5 cr 1 cr 5}$}{$Matrix{20 cr -5}$}% {$Matrix{-2 cr 4 cr 0}$}{$Matrix{41 cr 52}$}{$Matrix{12 cr 8 cr 4}$} mitemxoxxx{arccos(9/$sqrt{85}$) $approx$ 0.22 radians}% {$sqrt{10}$}{$sqrt{3}$}{Not defined} mitemxoxox{$x = 2$ and $y = 1/2$}{$C + A = 2pi r + pi rˆ2$}{$Matrix{-1 cr 2}$} end{multienumerate} Some more tricks Title Page Page 20 of 23 4 The mitemxoxxx and mitemxoxox commands have been defined in a similar manner to the other commands in the package. Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 21. 13.6. 13.6.1. Some more tricks The romannum package A The romannum package can be used to change the numbers generated by LTEX for chapters, sections, equations, list items, footnotes, etc. from arabic to roman numerals. The package options, as described below, can be used to typeset uppercase or lowercase roman numerals. Section section Equation equation Caption caption Footnote footnote Enumerate enumerate Year Day day Most most Sectional numbers in uppercase roman. Sectional numbers in lowercase roman. Equation numbers in uppercase roman. Equation numbers in lowercase roman. Table and Figure caption numbers in uppercase roman. Table and Figure caption numbers in lowercase roman. Footnote numbers in uppercase roman. Footnote numbers in lowercase roman. First level items in uppercase roman and third level items in lowercase roman. First level items in lowercase roman and third level items in uppercase roman. The year number from the today command in uppercase roman. The year number from the today command in uppercase roman and the day number in uppercase roman. The year number from the today command in uppercase roman and the day number in uppercase roman. A shorthand option equivalent to using all these options: Section, Equation, Caption, Footnote, Enumerate; that is, all the uppercasing options except for Year and Day. A shorthand option equivalent to using all these options: section, equation, caption, footnote, enumerate; that is, all the lowercasing options except for day. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page Page 21 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit
- 22. 13.6.2. The epigraph package A good question is never answered. It is not a bolt to be tightened into place but a seed to be planted and to bear more seed toward the hope of greening the landscape of idea. A Page layout in LTEX John Ciardi This package provides fancy styles for typesetting quotes just after a sectional heading. The epigraphs can be typeset either at the left, the center, or the right of the typeblock. The command Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists epigraph{ text }{ source } Some more tricks Title Page typesets an epigraph using text as the main text of the epigraph, and the source as it’s reference. The package provides the following commands: qitem epigraphwidth textflush epigraphflush sourceflush The qitem{ text }{ source } command is used in the epigraphs environment in order to specify each epigraph in the list. It’s use is essentially similar to the item command in the ordinary list environments. It denotes the width of the epigraph; the default is 0.4textwidth. It controls the text typesetting style; set to flushleft by default. The default position of the epigraphs is at the right hand side of the textblock (set to flushright). Using this command, the position of the textblock can be changed. It controls the position of the source ; default is flushright. epigraphsize This denotes the thickness of the rule drawn between the text and the source ; default is 0.4pt. Go Back Full Screen It can be used to redefine the fontsize in which the epigraphs are typeset; default is small. epigraphrule Page 22 of 23 Close Quit
- 23. beforeepigraphskip, afterepigraphskip These commands control the amount of vertical space instered before and after the typeset epigraphs; default value for both the lengths is 0.5baselineskip. A Page layout in LTEX Groups Creating a . . . Fun with floats Items and lists Some more tricks Title Page Page 23 of 23 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit