Chapter # 01 management
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This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of management. It discusses early management practices in ancient civilizations. It then covers the development of scientific management in the 1800s and 1900s with contributors like Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt. Principles of bureaucracy and administrative management from thinkers like Weber and Fayol are presented. The human relations movement is reviewed along with contributors like Follett, Mayo, and Barnard. Later sections address operations management, information systems, and contingency management approaches. The document poses a scenario asking how a shift supervisor would motivate students to complete a task within a tight deadline.
Chapter # 01 management
- 1. Chapter # 1 Introduction to Management PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
- 3. 3 What Would You Do? You are a shift supervisor responsible for motivating six college students to move numerous stacks of scrap metal Pieces are 92 pounds each and are carried up a ramp The task will require six weeks-- and you have two weeks to complete it ISG Steelton—International Steel Group, Steelton, Pennsylvania What would you to do to motivate the students?
- 4. 4 In the Beginning After reading the next section, you should be able to: 1. explain the origins of management.
- 5. 5 Management Ideas and Practice Throughout History 1.1 5000 BC 4000-2000 BC 1800 BC 600 BC 500 BC 400 BC 400 BC 175 284 900 1100 1418 1436 1500 1525 Sumerians Egyptians Planning, organizing, controlling. Hammurabi Nebuchadnezzar Sun Tzu Xenophon Cyrus Cato Diocletian Alfarabi Ghazali Barbarigo Venetians Sir Thomas More Machiavelli Record keeping Plan, organize, control. Written requests. Controls and written documentation Wage incentives, production control Strategy Management as a separate art Human relations and motion study Job descriptions Delegation of authority Listed leadership traits Listed managerial traits Different organizational forms/structures Numbering, standardization, interchangeability Critical of poor management and leadership Cohesiveness, power, and leadership
- 6. 6 Why We Need Managers Today Work in families Skilled laborers Small, self-organized groups Unique, small batches of production Then Work in factories Specialized, unskilled laborers Large factories Large standardized mass production Now 1.2
- 7. The Evolution of Management After reading the next four sections, you should be able to: 2. explain the history of scientific management. 3. discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management. 4. explain the history of human relations management. 5. discuss the history of operations, information systems, and contingency management.
- 8. 8 Frederick W. Taylor Frederick Taylor is known today as the "father of scientific management." One of his many contributions to modern management is the common practice of giving employees rest breaks throughout the day. Frederick W. Taylor, 1856-1915
- 9. Taylor’s Four Management Principles 2.1 Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman. Cooperate with the men to insure all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science. There is almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and workmen.
- 10. 10 Frank & Lillian Gilbreth 2.2 Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were prolific researchers and often used their family as guinea pigs. Their work is the subject of Cheaper by the Dozen, written by their son and daughter.
- 11. 11 Motion Studies: Frank & Lillian Gilbreth 2.2 Time Study Timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs. Motion Study Breaking each task into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive.
- 13. 13 Bureaucratic Management 3.1 Bureaucracy The exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience. Max Weber, 1864-1920
- 14. 14 The Aim of Bureaucracy 3.1 1. Qualification-based hiring 2. Merit-based promotion 3. Chain of command 4. Division of labor 5. Impartial application of rules and procedures 6. Recorded in writing 7. Managers separate from owners
- 15. 15 Administrative Management: Henri Fayol 3.2 1. Division of work 2. Authority and responsibility 3. Discipline 4. Unity of command 5. Unity of direction 6. Subordination of individual interests 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar chain 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of tenure of personnel 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de corps
- 16. 16 4 Human Relations Management Efficiency alone is not enough to produce organizational success. Success also depends on treating workers well.
- 17. 17 Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett, 1868-1933 Mary Parker Follett is known today as the “mother of scientific management." Her many contributions to modern management include the ideas of negotiation, conflict resolution, and power sharing.
- 18. 18 4.1 Constructive Conflict and Coordination: Mary Parker Follett Dealing with Conflict Compromise Domination Integration
- 19. 19 4.1 1. Coordination as reciprocal relating all the factors in a situation 2. Coordination by direct contact of the responsible people concerned 3. Coordination in the early stages 4. Coordination as a continuing process Fundamental Principals of Organizations Constructive Conflict and Coordination: Mary Parker Follett
- 20. 20 4.2 Hawthorne Studies: Elton Mayo Workers’ feelings and attitudes affected their work Financial incentives weren’t the most important motivator for workers Group norms and behavior play a critical role in behavior at work
- 21. 21 4.3 Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority: Chester Barnard Managers can gain cooperation by: Securing essential services from individuals Unifying people by clearly formulating an organization’s purpose and objectives Providing a system of effective communication
- 22. 22 4.3 People will be indifferent to managerial directives if they… 1. are understood 2. are consistent with the purpose of the organization 3. are compatible with the people’s personal interests 4. can actually be carried out by those people Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority: Chester Barnard
- 23. 23 5 Operations, Information, Systems, and Contingency Management Information Management Operations Management Contingency Management Systems Management
- 24. 24 5.1 Operations Management Tools Quality control Forecasting techniques Capacity planning Productivity measurement and improvement Linear programming Scheduling systems Inventory systems Work measurement techniques Project management Cost-benefit analysis
- 25. 25 5.1 Operations Management Tools Origins of Operations Management Geometry Guns Fire
- 26. 26 Whitney, Monge, and Olds Eli Whitney, 1765-1825 Gaspard Monge, 1746-1818 Ransom Olds, 1864-1950
- 27. 27 5.3 Information Management Milestones in information management: 1400s Horses in Italy 1500-1700 Creation of paper and the printing press 1850 Manual typewriter 1860s Vertical file cabinets and the telegraph 1879 Cash registers 1880s Telephone 1890s Time clocks 1980s Personal computer 1990s Internet
- 29. 29 5.4 Contingency Management Contingency Approach Holds that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.
- 30. 30 5.4 Contingency Management Management is harder than it looks Managers need to look for key contingencies that differentiate today’s situation from yesterday’s situation Managers need to spend more time analyzing problems before taking action Pay attention to qualifying phrases, such as “usually”
- 32. 32 What Would You Do? You are a shift supervisor responsible for motivating six college students to move numerous stacks of scrap metal Pieces are 92 pounds each and are carried up a ramp The task will require six weeks-- and you have two weeks to complete it ISG Steelton—International Steel Group, Steelton, Pennsylvania What would you to do to motivate the students?