Chapter 1 (Lecture 1-3)-Basic Concept of Quality and Quality Control.pptx
- 1. Basic Concept of Quality & Quality Control 1
- 2. Quality? The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. The degree of excellence that a product posses. Quality refers to the characteristics of a product or service that defines its ability to consistently meet or exceed the customer demand. What actually means to quality??? 2
- 3. Aspects of quality Performance: This refers to appropriate functionality of the product or whether the product performs satisfactory as desired or expected by the customer. (Will the product/service do the intended job?) Conformance: Conformance means as per specification. It refers to how well or accurately a product or service correspond to designed. Reliability: It refers to the ability of an item to perform a required function under stated conditions for a period of time. (How often does the product/service fail?) Durability: This refers to useful technical life or longevity of performance of the product or service. (How long does the product/service last?) 3
- 4. Aspects of quality Innovative features: Innovative features refers to extra useful characteristics of the product, more than the desired primary ones Service after sale: For many years, Service after sale had been considered as an extra business. But, now-a-days, because of increased focus on customer satisfaction, service after sale is considered as part of the product. (How easy to repair the product / to solve the problems in service?) Maintainability/serviceability: Maintenance and servicing of engineering products are of importance now-a-days to a large cross-section of customers. 4
- 5. Aspects of quality Ease of use: One of the recent trends of customers quality requirement is ease of use of product. Customer never like a product which is complex to use. Thus, ease of use has become one of the major aspect of quality. Aesthetics: Aesthetic of product, especially in case of customer goods, is a utmost importance to customers. Thus, aesthetic is also an important aspect of quality. (What does the product/service look/smell/sound/feel like?) Others: Now-a-days, many other aspect, such as safety, health issues etc. are considered as part and parcel of quality. 5
- 6. Factors affecting quality Customer: They are the ultimate users or beneficiaries of quality. As such, any quality management drive should focus on this element while preparing a quality plan. Processes: This element is responsible for transforming the inputs to quality outputs. Traditionally, people used to think that the process is only factor which needs to be controlled for ensuring quality. Modern quality management views that employees and materials should be responsible for quality. 6
- 7. Factors affecting quality Employee: Now-a-days, role of employee in delivering quality product is valued highly. Employees are considered as internal customers, who need to be kept satisfied in order to deliver quality product. Thus, they should be trained regularly with high degree of motivation and skill. Materials (Suppliers): Role of suppliers in delivering quality goods is now well recognized. A good manufacturing process does not have much to contribute to quality if supplied materials are not of enough good quality. 7
- 8. Consequences of Poor Quality Lower Productivity - due to Rework, rejection Loss of Material - due to Rework, rejection Loss of business - Organization image Liability - Warranty, replacement, repair
- 9. Quality Control Quality control can be defined as the checking, verification and regulation of degree of excellence of an attribute or property of something. The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements of quality. 9
- 10. Quality Assurance Quality Assurance is known as QA and focuses on preventing defects. Quality Assurance ensures that the approaches, techniques, methods and processes are designed for the projects are implemented correctly. Quality Assurance is a proactive process and is Preventive in nature. Quality Assurance has to complete before Quality Control. 10
- 11. QC vs QA Particulars QA QC Definition Activities for ensuring quality in the processes. Set of activities for ensuring quality in products. Focus on Prevent the defect. Identify and improve the defects Goal Improve development and test processes so that defects do not arise Identify defects after a product is developed and before it's released How Establish a good quality management system and the assessment with periodic audits Finding & eliminating sources of quality problems by tools & equipment for continuous customers’ requirements What Prevention of quality problems through activities with documentation. The activities used to achieve and maintain the product quality Responsibility Everyone on the team involved in developing the product Responsibility of a specific team that tests the product for defects. 11
- 12. Question for you 12 If Yes – Why? If No –Why?
- 13. 13 Statistical Quality Control Statistical quality control (SQC): Statistical quality control or SQC can be defined as the method of QC where a series of results are analyzed with the help of statistical tools and techniques and decision is made about controlling the process. The purpose of SQC is to generate authenticity and significance about a series of test result.
- 14. Type of quality control Mainly 2 types of quality control: i) Process control ii) Product control i) Process control: Controlling of process sequence or steps to produce desired quality product is called process control. ii) Product control: The control which is used to decrease defective items within different lots of produced good is known as product control. It is applied after production process 14
- 15. Types of quality control Process control is two types: a) Online quality control b) Offline quality control a) Online quality control: This type of quality control is performed in process stage i.e. without stopping the production process, during the production running time, the machine automatically tests the variation and takes immediate step to rectify the variation. Checking and rectification of variation/fault in processing stage is known as online quality control. Example: # Roving tension control device in simplex machine. # Sliver hank is controlled by auto leveller in carding & draw frame. # Garment inspection during sewing 15
- 16. Type of quality control b) Offline quality control: This type of quality control consists of laboratory tests or inspection which are done by stopping the production process or end of the production. Here necessary steps are taken according to test result. Example: # Checking of count and TPI variation # Strength testing # Evenness testing # Final Inspection of garment (AQL) 16
- 17. Textile testing? Laboratory experiment to determine textile data of fibre, yarn, fabric and end use product (garment, home textile etc.) Textile testing is the application of engineering knowledge and science for the measurement of properties and characteristics of textile materials (Fibre, yarn, fabric, garment, etc.) 17
- 18. Importance of textile testing To determine the properties and characteristics of fibre, yarn, fabric and end product. To compare the qualities of textile raw materials, intermediate products and finished products. To maintain the standard established by different organization. Example: ISO, AATCC, BSTI, BS, DIN, etc. To meet market and consumer demand standard. To improve and control processing techniques by research and developments. 18
- 19. Factors affecting test result The sampling Atmospheric condition for testing Method of testing Instrument used Efficiency of the technicians, etc. 19
- 20. 20 Total Quality Management (TQM) TOTAL = Total involves everyone & all activities in the company. QUALITY= Conformance to requirements (meeting customer requirements). MANAGEMENT= Quality must & can be managed. TQM= A process for managing quality, it must be a continuous way of life, a philosophy of perpetual improvement in everything. TQM is one of the most widely accepted quality control system. According to the TQM concept an organization involves all the resources like raw materials, suppliers, almost all persons working in the company, the whole seller, retailer and consumers to undertake decisions to achieve a target quality.