Chapter 1 unit
- 1. America In The BeginningWho were the first Americans?This land bridge is known as Beringia. Animals like mammoths crossed the bridge or migrated to the America's. This caused ocean levels to drop and expose land.In the Bering straight a land bridge appeared connecting Siberia(Asia)& the Americas30,000 years ago During a period of low temperatures called an ice ageThe world was covered in glaciersor sheets of ice. How and why did they come here?
- 2. America In The BeginningWhat happened when they came to America?The ice age ended warming up glaciers causing water levels to rise covering up the land bridge.Some animals died off like mammoths.Living in many different parts of the Americas the Natives needed to adjust or adapt to every thing in the new surrounds that made up each of their own environmentsin order to survive. How did they meet their new needs?Hunter's in Asia who moved from place to place to find food or nomads followed the mammoths and spread out or migrated to the America's
- 3. How did Native Americans adjust to the new environments?America In The BeginningDifferent groups in different environments developed their own beliefs and ways of life or culture. Groups in the same environments adapted similar life styles, and language creating cultural region.Many Native American have these things in common.1. Nature has a spirit and believe in many gods.2. No one can own land.3. Only use what is needed (no waste).4. Trade was important to most societiesLiving in many different parts of the Americas the Natives used the different natural resources in their own different environments for food, clothing, and shelter. What did they have in common?
- 4. 8 Cultural RegionsCaliforniaGreat BasinGreat PlainsSouth EastNorth West CoastPlateauEastern WoodlandsSouth WestPlateauNorthwest coastGreat basinNortheastCaliforniaPlainsSoutheastSouthwest
- 7. North West CoastWeather:long cold winterscool summersheavy rainfallNatural Resources:ocean/beachesthick forests of fir, spruce, and cedarrugged mountainsseafood/salmondeer, moose, bear, elk, beaver, mountain goatsCulture:Tools: Use cedar canoes to hunt.Fenced in salmon laying eggsUsed cedar to make rope, mat and baskets, shell needles Used wedges, sledge hammers drills and knives to carve wooden masksClothing:Cedar water proof clothing like capes with decorative shell buttonsShelter:Lived near the coast, cedar long houses with cedar bark roofs
- 8. CaliforniaWeather: rainy wintershot dry summersNatural Resources:ocean/coastfoothillsvalley'sdesertsmountainsacorns, oak treesgrass, and plantsredwood treessalmon/seafood/shellfishdeer, rabbits, ducks, roots berries, pine nuts Culture:Tools: Used bow and arrows, snares, and nets used cooking stones to cook acorn meals. Tools from antlersClothing: Grass/leather apron and skirtsShelter:Cone shaped made of red wood bark. Poles and reeds woven into mats
- 9. Great BasinWeather:little rainhot during the day cold at nightNatural Resources:mostly dessertlow areas surrounded by mountains at the edgeswith valleys that had seasonal lakes and streamsplants that need little water likegrasses, sagebrush, pinon trees, at the outer edges pine trees, and willowsmall animals rabbits, lizards, grasshoppers, snakes sometimes ducks , duck eggs during certain seasons seeds,berries pine nuts, roots, cattailCulture:Tools: Water basket sealed with tree sap. Floating duck decoys, nets sharp sticks and flat baskets for catching seeds.Clothing: rabbit robes in winterShelter: Nomadic temporary cone shelters of willow brush and reeds
- 10. PlateauWeather:long cold winterscomfortable summers Natural Resources:mountains with dense forests in areasflatter in the center with drier grass landsriversdriftwood, mud, dirt,grass and sage brushfish, antelope, deer, seedsonions, carrots, camas roots, salmonCulture:Tools:Woven baskets, willow digging sticks, wooden fishing platforms, nets and spears for salmonClothing: antelope and deer hides leggings dresses and skirts, woven hats seed and shell designShelter: Near rivers, partly underground out of driftwood, mud, sap and reeds
- 11. Great PlainsWeather:cold winters hot summersNatural Resources:mountains surrounding edgestreeless grasslands in the centereast more water and softer soilwest drier dense grassBuffalo and smaller animalsCulture: Tools: Bow made of buffalo tendon, arrows, V shaped stone trap, fire, bone knives, shieldClothing:Buffalo robes and hides Shelter:Houses call tipi’s (plains word for dwelling)
- 12. South WestWeather:high temperatureslittle rain dry/aridNatural Resources:mountains, canyonsdesserts, flat top mesasrivers, little waterclay, brightly colored plants, cottoncorn, beans, squash, peppers, rabbitsHouses: Made of bricks of adobe(sun baked clay) Up to four stories and hundreds of roomsClothes: made of cotton. Using plants to dye the fabricTools: lived in flooded areas. Men dug irrigation ditches and dams to hold the summer rain. Women were grinding corn kernels into cornmeal. They used clay pots to cook chili pepper stews.
- 13. Eastern WoodlandsWeather:snowy winters , rainNatural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastlots of lakes and streamsForests, plants, maple trees, elm,deer, bears, beavers, birds, fishcorn, sunflowers, tobacco, vegetables,nuts, berriesHouse: Long house sturdy , long-framed houses covered with elm bark. About 20 feet wide and over 100 feet long. Several related families live in sections of the house.Clothing: Skirts capes and moccasins made of deer skin Tools: Ground corn with wooden sticks, used wooden canoes, speared fish For farming land, man burnt small sections of trees and underbrush. Women used hoes for planting. Made maple syrup and wooden storage canisters.
- 14. South EastWeather:long warm humid summersmild wintersNatural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastFertile coastal plainsmountains, swampsTrees, clay, shells, corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, sweet potatoessquirrels, rabbits, turkeys, deer, alligators, turtles,wild rice, persimmonsHouses: made of strips of young trees woven into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay. These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.Towns included many mounds which as burial sights and used as platforms and temples. Clothing: Made of deer skin. Jewelry made of stones, shells, feathers, pearls, bones, and clay.Tools: used hoes made of stone, shell or animal shoulder blades. Hunted using small blow guns, bows and arrows.