Unit 1 First Americans
- 1. America In The BeginningWho were the first Americans?This land bridge is known as BeringiaAnimals like mammoths crossed the bridge or migratedto the America's. This caused ocean levels to riseand expose landIn the Bering straight a land bridgeappeared connecting Siberia (Asia)& The Americas30,000 years ago During a period of low temperatures called an ice ageThe world was covered in glaciersor sheets of ice. How and why did they come here?
- 2. America In The BeginningWhat happened when they came to America?The ice age ended warmingup glaciers causing water levels to rise covering up the land bridge .Some animals died off like mammoths. Living in many different parts of the Americas the Natives needed to adjust or adaptto every thing in the new surrounds that made up each of their own environmentsin order to survive. Hunter's in Asia who moved from place to place to find food or nomadsfollowed the mammoths and spread out or migratedto the America's How did they meet their new needs?
- 3. How did Native Americans adjust to the new environments?America In The BeginningDifferent groups in different environments developed their own beliefs and ways of life or culture. Groups in the same environments adapted similar life styles, and language creating cultural region.Many Native American have these things in common.1. Nature has a spirit.2. No one can own land.3. Only use what is needed (no waste).4. Trade was important to most societiesLiving in many different parts of the Americas the Natives used the different natural resourcesin their own different environments for food, clothing, and shelter. What did they have in common?
- 4. 8 Cultural RegionsCaliforniaGreat BasinGreat PlainsSouth EastNorth West CoastPlateauEastern WoodlandsSouth West
- 5. North West CoastWeather:long cold winterscool summersheavy rainfallNatural Resources:ocean/beachesthick forests of fir, spruce, and cedarrugged mountainsseafood/salmondeer, moose, bear, elk, beaver, mountain goatsCulture:Tools:Used cedar canoes to huntFenced in salmon laying eggsused cedar to make rope, mats and baskets, shell needles used wedges, sledge hammers, drills, and knifes to carve wooden masks Clothing:Cedar water proof clothing like capes with decorative shell buttons Shelter: lived near the coastcedar Long Houses with cedar bark roofs
- 6. CaliforniaWeather: rainy wintershot dry summersNatural Resources:ocean/coastfoothillsvalley'sdesertsmountainsacorns, oak treesgrass, and plantsredwood treessalmon/seafood/shellfishdeer, rabbits, ducks, roots berries, pine nuts Culture:ToolsUsed Bows& arrows, snares, and netsused cooking stones to heat acorn meal tools from antlersClothing: grass/leather aprons and skirtsShelter: Cone shaped made of redwood bark, pole, and reeds woven into mats
- 7. Great BasinWeather:little rainhot during the day cold at nightNatural Resources:mostly dessertlow areas surrounded by mountains at the edgeswith valleys that had seasonal lakes and streamsplants that need little water likegrasses, sagebrush, pinon trees, at the outer edges pine trees, and willowsmall animals rabbits, lizards, grasshoppers, snakes sometimes ducks , duck eggs during certain seasons seeds, berries pine nuts, roots, cattailCulture:Tools: water baskets sealed with tree sap. Floating duck decoys, nets, sharp sticks, flat baskets for catching seedsClothing: rabbit robes in winterShelter: Nomadic temporary cone shelters of willow, brush and reeds
- 8. PlateauWeather:long cold winterscomfortable summers Natural Resources:mountains with dense forests in areasflatter in the center with drier grass landsriversdriftwood, mud, dirt,grass and sage brushfish, antelope, deer, seedsonions, carrots, camas roots, salmonCulture:Tools: woven baskets, willow digging sticks, wooden fishing platforms, nets, and spears for salmonClothing: antelope and deer hides leggings, dresses and skirts, woven hats, seed and shell designsShelter: near rivers, partly under ground out of driftwood, mud, sap, and reeds
- 9. Great PlainsWeather:cold winters hot summersNatural Resources:mountains surrounding edgestreeless grasslands in the centereast more water and softer soilwest drier dense grassBuffalo and smaller animalsTools: bow made of buffalo tendon, arrows, V shaped stone trap, fire, bone knives, shields, Clothing: Buffalo robes and hidesShelter: Houses called tipis (plains word for dwelling)
- 10. South WestWeather:high temperatureslittle rain dry/aridNatural Resources:mountains, canyonsdesserts, flat top mesasrivers, little waterclay, brightly colored plants, cottoncorn, beans, squash, peppers, rabbitsHouses: made of bricks of adobe(sun baked clay). Up to 4 stories and had hundreds of rooms. Clothes: made of cotton. Using plants to dyed the fabricTools: Lived in flooded areas. Men dug irrigation ditches, and dams to hold summer rain. Women were grinding corn kernels into cornmeal. They used clay pots to cook chili pepper stews
- 11. Eastern WoodlandsWeather: rainy wintershot dry summersNatural Resources:ocean/coastfoothillsvalley'sdesertsmountainsacorns, oak treesgrass, and plantsredwood treessalmon/seafood/shellfishdeer, rabbits, ducks, roots berries, pine nuts House: Long house sturdy, log-framed houses covered with elm bark, about 20 feet wide and over 100 feet long. Several related families live in sections of the house.clothing: Skirts, capes, and moccasins made of deer skins. tools: Ground corn with wooden sticks , used wooden canoes, speared fish.For farming land, men burnt small sections of trees and underbrush. Women used hoes for planting. Made maple syrup and wooden storage canisters.
- 12. South EastWeather:long warm humid summersmild wintersNatural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastFertile coastal plainsmountains, swampsTrees, clay, shells, corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, sweet potatoessquirrels, rabbits, turkeys, deer, alligators, turtles,wild rice, persimmonsHouses: made from strips of young trees woven into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay. These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.Towns included many mounds which as burial sights and used as platforms for temples. clothing: made of deer skin. Jewelry made of stones, shells, feathers, pearls, bones, and clay. Tools: used hoes made of stone, shell or animal shoulder blades. Hunted using small blow guns, bows and arrows.