Chapter 11: Discourse analysis
- 1. The study of language By George Yule College: ISFD N°41 Subject: Language and Written Expression IV Student: Gianella Jacqueline, Melgarejo Erica, Delgado Gisela, Ríos Florencia, Lagrotta Daniela, Jiménez Ariel. Teacher: Saubidet, Stella Date: September, 2020
- 2. Unit 11.Discourse Analysis -Discourse analysis. -Interpreting discourse. Cohesion, coherence & speech events. -Conversation analysis. -The co-operative principle. Hedges and implications. -Background knowledge.
- 3. Discourse Analysis Discourse analysis.Its analysis concerns the study of language in texts and conversation. Interpreting discourse.It is a key element because as language-users we try to arrive at a reasonable perception of what the speakers want to provide despite ungrammatical forms. ● Cohesion:The ties and connections that exist within texts. ● Coherence: Our ability to make sense of what we perceive or experience in the world. For example: - That’s the telephone - I’m in the bath. - OK ● Speech events:Any situation in which we take part in conversation (debate, interview, disccussion)
- 4. Conversation Analysis A conversation occurs when two or more people take turn at speaking. ● Turn taking :Different expectations of conversational style and different strategies of participation. You can mark your turn as complete: -By asking a question. -By pausing at the end of a completed syntactic structure. To indicate you want to take the turn: -You can start to make short sounds, or use body shifts or facial expressions. To keep the turn: -Do not pause at the end of sentences -Make your sentences run on by using connectors -Place your pauses where the message is clearly incomplete -”Fill” the pause with a hesitation marker.
- 5. The cooperative Principle ● In most conversational exchanges ,participants are co-operating with each other. The QUANTITY maxim : That is to make contributions as informative as required. The QUALITY maxim : DO NOT SAY that what you believe may be false The RELATION maxim : BE RELEVANT The MANNER maxim Clear Brief ordery ● Hedges : To express that we follow the cooperative principle ● and implicatures : The message behind words
- 6. Background knowledge We interpret based on our expectations of what normally happens. ● Schemas is conventional knowledge which exist in memory. ● Scripts is essentially a dynamic schema which conventional actions takes place.