Chapter-11 - OS-windows and its generations
- 1. 1 Case Study 2: Windows 2000 Chapter 11 11.1 History of windows 2000 11.2 Programming windows 2000 11.3 System structure 11.4 Processes and threads in windows 2000 11.5 Memory management 11.6 Input/output in windows 2000 11.7 The windows 2000 file system 11.8 Security in windows 2000 11.9 Caching in windows 2000
- 2. 2 Windows NT Some differences between Windows 98 and Windows NT
- 3. 3 Windows 2000 (1) Different versions of Windows 2000
- 4. 4 Windows 2000 (2) Comparison of some operating system sizes
- 5. 5 The Win32 Application Programming Interface The Win32 API allows programs to run on almost all versions of Windows
- 6. 6 The Registry (1) • Top level keys and selected subkeys • Capitalization has no meaning but follows Microsoft practice.
- 7. 7 The Registry (2) Some of the Win32 API calls for using the registry
- 8. 8 The Operating System Structure • Structure of Windows 2000 (slightly simplified). • Shaded area is executed • Boxes, D, are device drivers • Service processes are system daemons
- 9. 9 Hardware Abstraction Layer Some of the hardware functions the HAL manages
- 10. 10 Implementation of Objects (1) The structure of an object
- 11. 11 Implementation of Objects (2) Some common executive object types managed by the object manager
- 12. 12 Implementation of Objects (3) The relationship between handle tables, objects and type objects
- 13. 13 The Object Name Space Some typical directories in the object name space
- 14. 14 Environment Subsystems (1) Various routes taken to implement Win32 API function calls
- 15. 15 Environmental Subsystems (2) • Some key windows 2000 files – mode they run in – number of exported function calls – main contents of each file • Calls in win32k.sys not formally exported – not called directly
- 16. 16 Processes and Threads (1) Basic concepts used for CPU and resource management
- 17. 17 Processes and Threads (2) Relationship between jobs, processes, threads, and fibers
- 18. 18 Job, Process, Thread & Fiber Mgmt. API Calls Some of Win32 calls for managing processes, threads and fibers
- 19. 19 Scheduling (1) Mapping of Win32 priorities to Windows 2000 priorities
- 20. 20 Scheduling (2) Windows 2000 supports 32 priorities for threads
- 21. 21 An example of priority inversion Scheduling (3)
- 22. 22 MS-DOS Emulation How old MS-DOS programs are run under Windows 2000
- 23. 23 Booting Windows 2000 • Processes starting up during boot phase • Those above the line are always started • Those below are examples of services which could be started
- 24. 24 Fundamental Concepts (1) • Virtual address space layout for 3 user processes • White areas are private per process • Shaded areas are shared among all processes
- 25. 25 Fundamental Concepts (2) • Mapped regions with their shadow pages on disk • The lib.dll file is mapped into two address spaces at same time
- 26. 26 Memory Management System Calls The principal Win32 API functions for mapping virtual memory in Windows 2000
- 27. 27 Implementation of Memory Management A page table entry for a mapped page on the Pentium
- 28. 28 Physical Memory Management (1) The various page lists and the transitions between them
- 29. 29 Physical Memory Management (2) Some of the major fields in the page frame data base for a valid page
- 30. 30 Input/Output API Calls Categories of Win32 API calls
- 31. 31 Device Drivers Windows 2000 allows drivers to be stacked
- 32. 32 File System API Calls in Windows 2000 (1) • Principle Win32 API functions for file I/O • Second column gives nearest UNIX equivalent
- 33. 33 File System API Calls in Windows 2000 (2) A program fragment for copying a file using the Windows 2000 API functions
- 34. 34 File System API Calls in Windows 2000 (3) • Principle Win32 API functions for directory management • Second column gives nearest UNIX equivalent, when one exists
- 35. 35 File System Structure (1) The NTFS master file table
- 36. 36 File System Structure (2) The attributes used in MFT records
- 37. 37 File System Structure (3) An MFT record for a three-run, nine-block file
- 38. 38 File System Structure (4) A file that requires three MFT records to store its runs
- 39. 39 File System Structure (5) The MFT record for a small directory.
- 40. 40 File Name Lookup Steps in looking up the file C:mariaweb.htm
- 41. 41 File Compression (a) An example of a 48-block file being compressed to 32 blocks (b) The MTF record for the file after compression
- 42. 42 File Encryption Operation of the encrypting file system K retrieved user's public key
- 43. 43 Security in Windows 2000 Structure of an access token
- 44. 44 Security API Calls (1) Example security descriptor for a file
- 45. 45 Security API Calls (2) Principal Win32 API functions for security
- 46. 46 Caching in Windows 2000 The path through the cache to the hardware