Chapter 15 Notes
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The Second Great Awakening sparked religious revivalism and the growth of utopian societies in early 19th century America. Mass camp meetings attracted thousands to hear preachers call for spiritual renewal. Reforms also aimed to address social problems through temperance, education, abolition, and women's rights movements. The era saw a rise in religiously-inspired reformers advocating for causes like banning alcohol, establishing public schools, and ending slavery.
Chapter 15 Notes
- 1. AMERICAN SOCIETY & ECONOMY TRANSFORMED
- 2. Second Great Awakening Began in New England in the 1790s, but spread across the country Camp meetings became common: Large audiences listened to many different preachers Speakers called on worshippers to ask for forgiveness & prepare for the Second Coming Largest meeting took place in Kentucky in 1801
- 3. Second Great Awakening Charles Finney: Former lawyer & gifted speaker Used language that all could understand Advocated that anyone could achieve salvation Argued that human nature was not necessarily dominated by sin Eventually became president of Oberlin College
- 4. Religious & Utopian Societies
- 5. Shaker Society Established a number of communities in several states Hoped to be self-sufficient & became known for their furniture & handicrafts The movement peaked between 1820-1860
- 6. Era of Reform There were many groups attempting to improve society, including followers of: Temperance Public Education Abolition Women’s Rights
- 7. Alcohol & Temperance Alcohol abuse was seen as a major problem Religious reformers saw alcohol consumption as immoral Factory owners complained about productivity & quality
- 8. Alcohol & Temperance The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance began in 1826: Encouraged abstinence pledges Lobbied states for the prohibition of alcohol Rates of alcohol consumption had dropped in half by the 1840s
- 9. Public Education For many years, public education was considered to be a family’s responsibility & was not required Horace Mann became a leading reformer in Massachusetts & the US
- 10. Mann’s Education Reforms School attendance was made mandatory & the school year was extended Curriculum was standardized & began to emphasize practical education Many states adopted similar reforms in order to educate children & assimilate immigrants
- 11. Abolition Quakers advocated the abolition of slavery in the years following the American Revolution American Colonization Society called for the removal of free blacks from the US
- 12. American Colonization Society Founded in 1817 Believed in the following: Gradual emancipation of slaves with compensation for slave owners Former slaves should be transported to the African nation of Liberia Slavery was wrong, yet blacks were inferior to whites
- 13. American Colonization Society Paul Cuffe provided ships & money to former slaves hoping to travel to Liberia Not many slaves earned their freedom – it was very expensive Many former slaves had no desire to live in Africa
- 14. Abolition Black abolitionists such as David Walker, Sojourner Truth, & Frederick Douglass were also active William Lloyd Garrison called for the immediate abolition of slavery
- 15. Women in the Abolition Movement Angelina Grimke was born to a slave-holding family in South Carolina She & her sister spoke to anti-slavery audiences Some criticized the Grimke sisters for speaking to mixed audiences
- 16. Women’s Rights Margaret Fuller received an education in the classics Wrote that women must be allowed to develop their own intellectual abilities Other women’s rights advocated included Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- 17. Seneca Falls Convention Held in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 Participants protested women’s lack of property rights & suffrage Created a Declaration of Sentiments – “All men & women are created equal”