Chapter 4 Section 2
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Solon reformed Athens in the 6th century BCE by canceling debts and allowing all citizens to participate in government. Peisistratus seized power as a tyrant in 560 BCE and gained popularity by redistributing land and providing jobs. Cleisthenes further reorganized Athens' government in the 5th century BCE, strengthening the role of the assembly and creating a new council of 500 citizens to help govern on a daily basis.
Chapter 4 Section 2
- 2. Solon noble who made many reforms in Athens, such as canceling farmers’ debts and allowing all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts Peisistratus Tyrant who seized power in 560 BCE. Won the support of the poor by dividing large estates among landless farmers and providing jobs through building projects. Cleisthenes Reorganized Athenian gov’t so that the assembly played a central role in governing. He also created a council of 500 citizens to help carry out daily business.
- 3. helots Captive workers of the Spartans (name comes from the Greek word for capture) PLACES Sparta City-state in ancient Greece that primarily focused on its military(oligarchy/monarchy) Athens City-state in ancient Greece that was the birthplace of democracy; valued education and the arts
- 4. tyrant Someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority oligarchy Rule by a few democracy a government controlled and run by the people(citizens)
- 5. Tyrants were popular because they had the backing of the common people. They kept their popularity by building new public buildings(temples, marketplaces, etc.) for the people.
- 6. The Greeks wanted a government that all citizens participated in, so eventually the tyrants fell out of favor.
- 7. Age 7- boys leave their families to live in the barracks and begin training Age 20 – men enter the regular army Age 30- could return home, but remained in the army until age 60 All men continued to train for combat “ Come home carrying your shield or on it.”
- 8. The Spartans were afraid their captives, the helots, would revolt. Because of this, their government firmly controlled the people of Sparta and the military in particular.
- 9. To prevent people from questioning the government, they banned travel except for military reasons, they discouraged foreign visitors, and also frowned upon citizens who studied literature or the arts.
- 10. Boys- At school, they learned reading, writing, mathematics, sports, and music. At age 18 they finished school and became citizens. *At age 18 they typically enlisted in the army for 2 years. * Girls- Taught at home household duties such as spinning, weaving, etcetera. In wealthy families girls were sometimes educated by a tutor.
- 11. cancelled the debts of the farmers freed those who had become slaves allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts A council of 400 wealthy citizens still wrote the laws, but the assembly had to pass them Solon refused to give away the wealthy nobles’ land, and so did not satisfy the farmers.
- 12. He divided large estates among landless farmers Loaned money to poor people Gave them jobs building temples and other public works
- 13. C. gave the members of the assembly new powers, they could debate matters openly hear court cases appoint army generals C. also created a new council of 500 citizens that could propose laws deal w/ foreign countries oversee the treasury Members of this council were chosen in a lottery