2015, CHAPTER 4 SOCIOLOGY : EDUCATION AND SOCIALIZATION
- 1. SOCIALIZATION AND EDUCATION C H A P T E R
- 3. INTRODUCTION OF SOCIALIZATION AND EDUCATION Socialization is a transmission process which formal and informal knowledge or skill is transmitted in either different or same generation. Socialization is a process where a person learns about role, status and value that should have in a society. Socialization is a constant learning. the children will learn more based on their own interactions with other people. Socialization can change individual behavior so that it can be adapted into current society. Education institution is a social structure whose role is to transmit knowledge and skills. Schooling is a process of teaching and learning in a formal way that takes place in a classroom.
- 4. Observing cognitive development CONCEPT OF SOCIALIZATION Socialism theories focus to a new things such as : Obtaining moral and personal identity through family relationship, emphasizing moral category and value. Obtaining self concept and social identity Development of social skills is a vital role in the interaction successfully in linguistics communication Bernstein George Herbert Mead Piaget Durkheim
- 5. According to Lacey (1997), each theory has a different explanation style about socialization. Conflict perspective said that conflict between groups and inside groups will create many situations indirectly. Musgrave (1972) often discusses about socialization in structural perspective and interpersonal. According to what he calls as a frame of socialization’s theory: through social structure through interpersonal stage through consensus features and values that are agreeable whenever there is a conflict, force is needed to ensure proper behavior is achievable
- 6. It is the process which people learn attitudes, values and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. It refers to process of learning on what is appropriate behaviour as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. It is the process of learning behaviour in a social institution or developing social skills It refers to the mental rehearsals, concrete plans, and subtle changes in values and perceptions that a significant change in social roles about to occur. It refers to the process of discarding former behaviour patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life. This occurs throughout the human life. (Schaefer & Lamn, 1992) Secondary Socialization TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
- 8. Family Determines one attitude towards religion & career, introduces intimate relationship & group living, provides social status. As a fundamental values & learning about relationships. School Socializing young people in particular skills and values in society. Official function (teach children technical & intellectual skills), “hidden curriculum” (impersonal, bureaucratic organization) Peer Group Among peers, children experience egalitarian relationships, make friends of their own choosing and learn about adult’s socialization
- 9. Mass Media It is a crucial agent; the most influential is TV. New research shows that TV also invites interaction and exploration of cultural boundaries Workplace Develops shared cultures, after work socialization, rules and order Religion It remains a vital force for humans everywhere
- 10. SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIALIZATION IN EDUCATION
- 11. To study how education can be used to help individuals and society To strengthen educator’s concept and skill dealing with students Student’s perception towards future and social mobility For educators to have the skills of interpreting research outcomes, research statistic and data To give a clear picture to all parties To tolerate in interaction For educators to have a balance of knowledge about human beings For educators to understand other cultures To study similarities and differences in education
- 12. What is School Culture? Gary Philips (1993) “The beliefs, attitudes and behaviors that characterize a school in term of how people treat and feel about each other, the extent to which people feel included and appreciated, rituals and traditions reflecting collaboration and collegiality”. Robbins and Alvy (1995) “This inner reality reflects what organizational members care about, what they are willing to spend time doing, what and how they celebrate, and what they talk about”. Deal & Peterson (1993) “An inner reality”
- 13. School Culture People in a healthy organization must have agreement on how do things and what is worth doing. Culture includes a composite of the values, rituals and beliefs shared and demonstrated by participants within the organization. Culture influences everything that happens in a school. School culture is NOT about religion, race, socio-economic status or the size of the school.
- 14. School Culture Wagner (2000): “Shared experience both in school and out of school (traditions and celebrations), a sense of community, of family and team”. Staff stability & common goals permeate the school. Time is set aside for school-wide recognition of all school stakeholders. Common agreement on curricular and instructional components as well as order & discipline are established through consensus. Open & honest communication is encouraged & there is abundance of humor and trust. Tangible support from leadership at the school & district levels is also present.
- 15. Three principal activities will raise standardized test scores, make them more accountable. HOWEVER, often shortfall to attain expected results: overworked, student achievement, staff satisfaction, parent engagement, community support. The culture of learning community is toxic no matter what “improvement initiative” is implemented Making decision about the curriculum Making decision about instructional methodology Placing considerable time and attention on test taking skill What should be taught? How it should taught? Test- taking skill
- 16. When there is no “one size fits all” culture for classrooms, schools, or school districts, there are 3 markers to identify and measure as well as strengthen the culture. Professional Collaboration Affiliation and Collegiality Self-Determination & Efficacy Significance of School Culture
- 17. Collegiality Experimentation High Expectation Trust & Confidence Tangible Support Reaching Out to the Knowledge Base Norms of School Culture
- 18. Norms of School Culture Appreciation & Recognition Caring, Celebration & Humor Involvement in Decision Making Traditions Honest, Open Communication
- 19. 1. Collegiality They have similar challenges & needs, & different talents and knowledge They can learn from each other, evaluate & develop curriculum & plan special projects together They develop cooperative learning and thinking skills 2. Experimentation Teaching is an intellectually exciting activity. Teachers are encouraged to experiment with new ideas and techniques to improve schools and teachers. They can drop experiments that do not work and be rewarded for having tried. They always look for more effective ways of teaching
- 20. 3. High Expectation Accountable for high performance through regular evaluations They are specifically expected to practice collegiality & to experiment with new ideas. They are rewarded & this continued professional development is highly valued. While teachers often feel under pressure to excel, they thrive on being part of a dynamic organization 4. Trust and Confidence Administrators and parents trust teachers’ professional judgement and commitment to improvement
- 21. 5. Tangible Support When teachers need help to improve their instruction, people extend themselves to these teachers with both time & resources. People believe the professional knowledge & skills of teachers are so important to good schooling – developing human resources. 6. Reaching Out to the Knowledge There are generic knowledge bases about teaching skills and how students learn, teaching methods in a particular area, about young people’s cognitive and affective development, about each of academic discipline. 2 features – curious nature, the reality & usefulness of these knowledge bases.
- 22. 7. Appreciation & Recognition Good teaching is honored in any school and community. Teacher recognition as a regular feature of school committee meetings, PTA luncheons, short notes etc. 8. Caring, Celebration & Humor Teacher’s day, share some good humors, less formal ways, and make as one of the prominent school culture. 9. Traditions There are events coming up that students & teachers alike see as refreshing or challenging
- 23. 10. Involvement in Decision Making Teachers are included in certain meaningful decision-making processes in a school, especially when they directly affect the teachers or their students. That does not mean they are consulted on all policies or decisions, but there are mechanism open for them to raise issue 11. Honest, Open Communication Teachers take responsibility for sending own messages. They can speak to their colleagues and administrators directly and tactfully without fear of fear losing their esteem or damaging their relationship
- 24. The school culture plays an important role in establishing a good society as it is a part of the society itself. Teachers shape the culture of their students & schools. There are many intoxicating elements that may pollute the good school culture. The community should involve in shaping the culture with deep thoughts. CONCLUSION